Anonymous Referee #1 Isoprene and Monoterpene Organosulfates Contribute Significantly to Atmospheric Secondary Aerosol Formation

Anonymous Referee #1 Isoprene and Monoterpene Organosulfates Contribute Significantly to Atmospheric Secondary Aerosol Formation

We thank the referees for their thoughtful and constructive comments which we believe have helped improve the manuscript substantially. We have revised the manuscript following the referees’ suggestions. You can find answers to the referee comments (text in red) below with additions to the manuscript and supplement text (in bold). The added references are listed at the end. !nonymous "eferee #$ Isoprene and monoterpene organosulfates contribute significantly to atmospheric secondary aerosol formation. However, their physical chemical properties are rarely studied, due to the di(culty in isolating ade)uate quantity of individual chemicals and challenge in the measurement. In this paper, the authors used computation method C+,-+therm to predict thermodynamic properties for organosulfates, including solubilities' activities and saturation vapor pressures, pKa, salting out effect. The authors provide ade)uate information on the technical details. A ma0or comment is that the authors should add discussion about the uncertainties of the predicted values for different properties. This could be either from literature that have used C+,-+therm to predict different physical1chemical properties (e.g. Henry’s law constants, solubility, pKa, salting out effect' saturation vapor pressure' etc.) or from the own estimation. Changes in manuscript: The accuracy of COSMOtherm pKa calculations (parametrization BP_TZVP"_F$%E_C30_16.01) is 0.65 log units RMS" (Klamt et al., 2016) and experimental saturation vapor pressures can be predicted within a factor of 2 with a tendency to o3erpredict experimental values of carboxylic acids (Schröder et al+0 2016). For citric acid, using only conformers containing no intramolecular H-bonds leads to good agreement between e2periments and COSMOtherm estimated a8ueous solubility0 activity coefficients, density and pKa (Hyttinen and Prisle0 2020). ,pecific comments2 3ine 67, the authors may consider describing C+,-+therm more here' since ma0ority of the readers of this paper are not familiar with the program. Changes in manuscript: COSMOtherm combines quantum chemistry and statistical thermodynamics to predict condensed-phase properties of li8uids as well as partitioning between condensed and gas phases+ Quantum chemical calculations pro3ide input files (cosmo-files) for COSMOtherm and the same files can be used to estimate properties in 3arious solutions. In addition, multiple conformers can be included in COSMOtherm calculations to impro3e the description of conformer distributions in di<erent solutions. 3ine 104, in reality, O, likely have conformers with intramolecular hydrogen bonds, what is the uncertainty if the intramolecular hydrogen bonding is not considered (or only include conformers containing no intramolecular hydrogen bonds) in the calculation? Changes in manuscript: In COSMOtherm calculations, conformers are weighted according to the Boltzmann distribution based on the sum of their sol3ated energy and chemical potential in the solution. Ho4e3er, normally only conformers with lo4est sol3ated energies are selected for COSMOtherm calculations. If the total number of uni8ue conformers is high, not all conformers can be included in the COSMOtherm calculation. When only a fraction of all conformers is used in a COSMOtherm calculation, only those containing intramolecular H7 bonds are used, as they ha3e the lo4est sol3ated energies. Ho4e3er, the interaction between a compound and water is more fa3orable for conformers containing no intramolecular H-bonds+ Therefore, in aqueous solutions, the chemical potential of conformers containing no intramolecular H-bonds is much lo4er than of conformers that contain multiple H7bonds (Hyttinen and Prisle, 2020). If a compound contains more uni8ue conformers than can be included in COSMOtherm calculations, more attention should be paid to selecting the conformers to represent the conformer distribution in the studied solutions+ >enerally0 the omission of conformers containing intramolecular H7bonds leads to lo4er saturation vapor pressures (Kurtén et al+0 2018), higher aqueous solubility and larger deviation from ideality of activity coefficients (Hyttinen and Prisle, 2020). In addition, is the version of C+,-+therm program used by Kurten et al. (2018) the same as in this paper' if not' are there any improvement with intramolecular hydrogen bond representation in the updated version of C+,-+therm8 Changes in manuscript: We tested the di<erence in saturation vapor pressures calculated using releases 18 and 19 (parametrizations BP_TZVP"_F$%E_18 and BP_TZVP"_F$%E_19, respecti3ely) and found that di<erences between the two parametrizations are larger using all conformers than when only conformers containing no intramolecular H-bonds are used. !ariation between estimates using di<erent conformer sets is also smaller in release 19 than in release 18. Hyttinen and Prisle (2020) found a good agreement between e2perimental and COSMOtherm (release 19) estimated solubilities and activity coefficients when conformers containing intramolecular H-bonds were omitted from the COSMOtherm calculations+ ,ection 3.2, it was mentioned early that organosulfates dissociate significantly in pure water, did the authors consider dissociation of organosulfates when calculating solubility in ammonium sulfate or bisulfate solutions8 Changes in manuscript: The parametrization in COSMOtherm currently enables calculation of pKa only in water0 dimethylsulfoxide0 acetonitrile or heptane. We are therefore not able to estimate pKa values of the organosulfates in other sol3ents rele3ant to this worB0 speci;cally aqueous ammonium sulfate and bisulfate solutions+ 3ine 206, it seems that the authors used hydrated sodium cations for the description of sodium cation solvation for organosulfate sodium salts. Did they use hydrated salt ions for ammonium sulfate and ammonium bisulfate8 If not' why? Changes in manuscript: In COSMOtherm, small atomic metal ions ha3e extreme screening charge densities (σ D -0.025 e Å71 or σ > 0.025 e Å71,. In reality0 extreme screening charge densities of ions would lead to the formation of a sol3ation shell, where polar sol3ent molecules form strong H-bonds with the ion. This is not accounted for in COSMOtherm, which leads to unrealistic behavior of the sodium ion in water+ The screening charge densities of larger ions, such as ammonium, sulfate and bisulfate, are less extreme (-0.025 e Å71 < σ D 0.025 e Å71, see Fig. S4 of the Supplement) and the non7 hydrated ions can be used in COSMOtherm calculations+ Changes in Supplement: #igure S4: σ-profiles of the inorganic ions used in the COSMOtherm calculations. Negati3e σ values (screening charge density) indicate a positi3e partial charge and positi3e σ values negati3e partial charge+ 3ine 263 and others, the authors mentioned 0.09 mole fraction salt solution in multiple places in the paper. Why is 0.09 mole fraction used? Is this the saturation concentration of a salt in water? Changes in manuscript: The 0.09 mole fraction is belo4 the solubility limit of both (N6G,1SO4 (xSOH0ISJ(+(AG, and N6G6SOG (xSOH0IBSJ0.33) in water at 298.15 K (Tang and MunBel4itz, 1994). The speci;c inorganic salt mole fraction was chosen to be as high as possible while 4ithin the aqueous solubility limit of the salt to ensure that the organic compounds are typically not fully miscible with the salt solution+ 3ine 413, Figure 4 and 9 show the influence of ammonium sulfate and ammonium bisulfate on solubility and Henry’s law constants for different species. I understand that there are no experimental data available to validate the predicted values for the species of interest. However, the authors should do calculations for chemicals with experimental data available to validate the model prediction. Especially' since the previous publications (Endo et al. 2012, Wang et al., 2014, Toivola et al., 2017) on the topic of using C+,-+therm to predict salt out effect observe an overestimation of salting out effect with C+,-+therm in comparison to experimental values. @ndo, S., Pfennigsdorff, A., Goss, K1C. Salting-out effect in a)ueous NaCl solutions2trends with siEe and polarity of solute molecules. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2012, 46, 31496-1503. Wang, C., Lei, Y. D., Endo, S., Wania, F. Measuring and modeling the salting-out effectin ammonium sulfate solutions, Environ. Sci. Technol., 2014, 48, 13 238-13 245. oivola' M., Prisle' N. L., Elm, J., Waxman, E. M., Volkamer' R., and KurtIn, T.: Can *+,-+ herm Predict a Salting in Effect8 J. Phys.Chem. A, 2017, 121, 6288–6295. Changes in manuscript: Is was mentioned abo3e, the salting out of organosulfates from 0.09 mole fraction (N6G,1SOG solution is o3erestimated by a factor of 3.1 using the relati3e solubility calculation compared to the LLE calculation+ Wang et al. (2014) found that COSMOtherm o3erestimates the salting-out e<ect of (%6G,1SOG on a3erage by a factor of 3 compared to experiments. They described the salting behavior using Setscheno4 constants calculated from COSMOtherm (release 14) estimated partition coefficients, which are comparable to relati3e solubilities. We used COSMOtherm19 estimated relati3e solubilities to calculate corresponding Setscheno4 constants for the compounds used by Wang et al. (2014) that are in COSMObase17 and the same 5% (N6G,1SO4 solution (wM30 corresponding to 2ISJ(+((K, with sol3ent densities by Tang and MunBel4itz (1994). We found that COSMOtherm)A o3erestimates the e2perimental Setscheno4 constant of these compounds in 5% (N6G,1SOG solution on a3erage by a factor of 1.5

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