BANGLADESH Disaster Management Reference Handbook May 2020 Dedicated in memory of Lt. Gen. Henry “Hank” C. Stackpole, USMC May 7, 1935 – May 29, 2020 Joint Task Force Commander, Operation Sea Angel (1991) Acknowledgements CFE-DM would like to thank the following people for their knowledge and support in developing this resource: Lieutenant Colonel (Dr) Md Fakhrul Alam, Bangladesh Army Dr. Ethan Allen, DKI-APCSS Associate Professor, College of Security Studies Gabrielle Emery, IFRC Disaster Law Coordinator-Asia Pacific Henry Glorieux, U.N. Bangladesh Humanitarian Affairs Advisor Silke Bañuelos-Kuang, OCHA HAO/CMCoord Coordination Unit Kazi Shahidur Rahman, U.N. Bangladesh Humanitarian Affairs Advisor Major Allan Tan, Changi RHCC C4 Officer Cover and section photo credits Cover Photo Credit: International Rice Research Institute. Bangladesh Irrigation. https://flickr.com/photos/ricephotos/6233824438 Country Overview Section Photo Credit: Bryon Lippincott. Bangladesh Market. https://www.flickr.com/photos/bryonlippincott/49716008117 Disaster Overview Section Photo: Save the Children. Targeted food distribution in Barisal region of Bangladesh. https://www.flickr.com/photos/usaid_images/8080302607 Organizational Structure for Disaster Management Section Photo Credit: Bryon Lippincott. https://www.flickr.com/photos/bryonlippincott/49715901222 Infrastructure Section Photo Credit: Bryon Lippincott. Bangladesh. https://www.flickr.com/photos/bryonlippincott/49715145123 Health Section Photo Credit: U.S. Air Force photo/1st Lt. Chris Hoyler during Operation Pacific Angel. https://www.pacaf.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/594998/patient-care-top-priority-during-pacific-angel-in- bangladesh/ Women, Peace, and Security Section Photo Credit: Musfiq Tajwar, Solidarity Center, Bangladesh. Women’s rally in 2018. https://www.flickr.com/photos/usaid_images/41772143535 Conclusion Section Photo Credit: Bryon Lippincott. Bangladesh. https://www.flickr.com/photos/bryonlippincott/49715024728 Appendices Section Photo Credit: WorldFish Photo. Rangpur, Bangladesh. https://flickr.com/photos/theworldfishcenter/10031278214 ISBN 978-1-955429-02-3 2 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance United States Marine Corps Maj. Gen. Henry Stackpole, serving as the commander of Task Force Sea Angel speaks with Marines from III Marine Expeditionary Force and 3rd Marine Division during Operation Sea Angel, April 30, 1991, in Bangladesh. Stackpole retired at the rank of Lieutenant General in 1994. Dedicated in memory of Lt. Gen. Henry “Hank” C. Stackpole, USMC May 7, 1935 – May 29, 2020 Joint Task Force Commander, Operation Sea Angel (1991) The Center for Excellence in Disaster saving 200,000 lives and providing medical care Management and Humanitarian Assistance to more than two million people, according to dedicates this Bangladesh Disaster Management Paul A. McCarthy, former logistics officer during Reference Handbook to honor the legacy of Sea Angel. retired United States Marine Corps Lt. Gen. Lt. Gen. Stackpole’s last active duty Henry “Hank” C. Stackpole in recognition of his assignment was as the commander of U.S. contributions to Bangladesh during Operation Marine Corps Forces, Pacific, and Fleet Marine Sea Angel. Force, Pacific, headquartered at Camp H.M. Stackpole honorably served in the Marine Smith, Hawaii, where he assumed command Corps for 37 years, retiring in 1994. Between in July 1992. Following his retirement from the May 10 and June 13, 1991, he was the Marine Corps, he served from 1998 to 2005, as commander of Joint Task Force Sea Angel, one president of the Daniel K. Inouye Asia Pacific of the largest military disaster relief forces ever Center for Security Studies. Stackpole graduated assembled. In 1991, Cyclone Marian struck the from Princeton University in 1957 with a B.A. in Chittagong district of southeastern Bangladesh. English. Approximately 139,000 people were killed and He was the recipient of many distinguished an estimated 10 million became homeless or awards and decorations to include the Silver Star displaced. Medal, Defense Superior Service Medal with oak Less than two weeks later, the U.S. organized leaf cluster, Legion of Merit, the Purple Heart a contingency joint task force commanded by with gold star, the Government of Japan Order Stackpole, to spearhead humanitarian assistance of The Rising Sun, and the Vietnamese Cross and disaster relief efforts to the devastated areas. of Gallantry. He was awarded the Silver Star for The operation’s name Joint Task Force Sea Angel conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity in action originated from Bangladeshis referring to U.S. while serving with Company I, 3rd Battalion, military personnel as “angels from the sea.” 5th Marines, and 1st Marine Division, during Stackpole and the 6,700 American service combat operations against the enemy in the members under his command are credited with Republic of Vietnam. Bangladesh Disaster Management Reference Handbook | May 2020 3 Table of Contents Welcome - Note from the Director ...........................................................................................................9 The Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance ................10 Disaster Management Reference Handbook Series Overview ...................................................11 Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................12 Country Overview .....................................................................................................................................14 History ........................................................................................................................................................15 Culture .......................................................................................................................................................16 Demographics .........................................................................................................................................16 Ethnic Makeup .................................................................................................................................16 Key Population Centers ................................................................................................................17 Language ...........................................................................................................................................17 Religion ..............................................................................................................................................17 Vulnerable Groups .........................................................................................................................17 Economics ................................................................................................................................................20 Government .............................................................................................................................................21 Environment ............................................................................................................................................21 Geography ........................................................................................................................................21 Borders ...............................................................................................................................................22 Climate ...............................................................................................................................................22 Disaster Overview ....................................................................................................................................24 Climate Change ...............................................................................................................................24 Hazards ......................................................................................................................................................25 History of Natural Disasters ................................................................................................................25 Country Risks ...........................................................................................................................................27 Country Risk Profile ........................................................................................................................28 4 Center for Excellence in Disaster Management & Humanitarian Assistance Organizational Structure for Disaster Management ..................................................30 Lead Government Agencies in Disaster Response ....................................................................30 Disaster Relief and Emergency Response .....................................................................................30 Armed Forces’ Role in Disaster Response ...............................................................................32 Humanitarian Coordination Task Team (HCTT) ...................................................................32 Laws, Policies, and Plans on Disaster Management ..................................................................33 Disaster Management Partners ........................................................................................................35