ALL IN! TOWARDS GENDER BALANCE IN EUROPEAN SPORT ANALYTICAL REPORT OF THE DATA COLLECTION CAMPAIGN www.coe.int/sport/ALLIN PREMS 093419 ENG The Council of Europe is the continent’s leading The Member States of the European Union have human rights organisation. It comprises 47 member decided to link together their know-how, resources states, including all members of the European and destinies. Together, they have built a zone of Union. All Council of Europe member states have stability, democracy and sustainable development signed up to the European Convention on Human whilst maintaining cultural diversity, tolerance Rights, a treaty designed to protect human rights, democracy and the rule of law. The European Court and individual freedoms. The European Union is of Human Rights oversees the implementation committed to sharing its achievements and its values of the Convention in the member states. with countries and peoples beyond its borders. www.coe.int www.europa.eu ALL IN: Towards gender balance in sport (Erasmus +) ALL IN: Towards gender balance in sport (Erasmus +) ALL IN! TOWARDS GENDER BALANCE IN EUROPEAN SPORT ANALYTICAL REPORT OF THE DATA COLLECTION CAMPAIGN This report was drafted by Kari Fasting, Dr. Professor Emerita, Norwegian School of sport sciences Council of Europe All requests concerning the reproduction or translation of all or part of the document should be addressed to the Directorate of Communication (F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex or publishing@coe. int). All other correspondence concerning this publication should be addressed to the Directorate General of Democracy, Enlarged Partial Agreement (EPAS). Cover design and layout: Documents and Publications Production Department (SPDP), Council of Europe Image credits : Shutterstock © Council of Europe, August 2019 Printed at the Council of Europe. CONTENT 1. SUMMARY OF THE MAIN RESULTS 7 1.1 Introduction 7 1.2 Methodology 7 1.3 Main results 8 1.4 Conclusion 12 2. GENDER EQUALITY IN SPORT IN THE DIFFERENT COUNTRIES 15 2.1 Gender equality in leadership 15 2.2 Gender equality in coaching 16 2.3 Gender equality in participation 17 2.4 Preventing gender-based violence in sport 19 2.5 Gender equality in media/communications 20 2.6 Policies and programmes to address gender equality in sport 21 2.7 Conclusion 23 3. GENDER EQUALITY IN AND BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT SPORTS 25 3.1 Gender equality in leadership in the dierent sports 25 3.2 Gender equality in coaching by sport 27 3.3 Gender equality in participation in the dierent sports 28 3.4 The prevention of gender-based violence in the dierent sports 29 3.5 Gender equality in media/communications in the dierent sports 31 3.6 Policies and programmes to address gender equality by sport 31 3.7 Conclusion 33 1. SUMMARY OF THE MAIN RESULTS 1.1 Introduction “ALL IN: Towards gender balance in sport1” is a European Union (EU) and Council of Europe (COE) joint project (1 March 2018 - 31 October 2019). Its aim is to provide support to public authorities and sport organisations when designing and implementing policies and programmes to address gender inequalities in sport and when adopting a gender mainstreaming strategy. A part of this project is to collect data on gender equality in sport on leadership, coaching, participation, media /communication and gender-based violence, so that progress can be monitored, and comparisons made between countries and between sports, which will aid in the design of evidence-based policies. The results in this report present the main ndings of the data collected2. 1.2 Methodology Eighteen countries were involved in the project: Albania, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Georgia, Israel, Lithuania, Montenegro, Netherlands, Portugal, Serbia and Spain. Survey questions were submitted to the National Olympic Committees (NOCs), the ministries/government departments responsible for sport and the national sport federations3 aliated to the 35 international federations recognised by the International Olympic Committee, and for which the discipline was included in the programme of the last Olympic Games (2016/2018).4 In some countries, there are not 35 federations (sometimes less, sometimes more). Each country appointed a national co-ordinator who was responsible for carrying out the survey. The online questionnaire was sent through the software program Eval&Go. The data gathering took place from March to May of 2019.5 Table 1 gives an overview of the total number of respondents in each country.6 The project had a very high response rate, 85%, and it can, therefore, be concluded that the study is representative for the participating countries. For some: Albania; Croatia; France; Georgia; and Lithuania, the response rate was 100%. The participants answered most of the questions, although several federations did not answer the questions about their membership. Still, the response rate, compared to other academic studies, is very high. This, therefore, makes the study highly representative and valid. 1. www.coe.int/sport/ALLIN 2. To have an overview of all the data collected, have a look at the dynamic databases created within the framework of the ALL IN project (www.coe.int/sport/ALLIN - section on the data collection campaign) 3. Except for Belgium where only one Olympic sport federation is national. The rest are community-based. 4. International Boxing Association (AIBA), International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), International Equestrian Federation (FEI), International Fencing Association (FIE), International Weightlifting Federation (IWF), International Basketball Federation (FIBA), International Bobsleigh and Skeleton Federation (IBSF), International Canoe Federation (ICF), International Association Football Federation (FIFA), International Golf Federation (IGF), International Gymnastics Federation (FIG), International Handball Federation (IHF), International Hockey Federation (FIH), International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), International Judo Federation (IJF), International Luge Federation (FIL), International Swimming Federation (FINA), International Ski Federation (FIS), World Rowing (FISA), International Tennis Federation (ITF), International Table Tennis (ITTF), International Shooting Sport Federation (ISSF), International Volleyball Federation (FIVB), Badminton World Federation (BWF), World Curling Federation (WCF), World Taekwondo (WT), World Sailing (WS), Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), International Biathlon Union (IBU), International Skating Union (ISU), International Modern Pentathlon Union (UIPM), International Triathlon Union (ITU), United World Wrestling (UWW), World Archery Federation (WA), World Rugby (WR). 5. Data was collated on 31 December 2018, except the area of participation in sport, which was collated on 31 December 2017. 6. Due to the low response rate, the data from Montenegro and Bulgaria are not included in this report. Page 7 Table 1. Response rates to the online questionnaire Number of respondents Total number of Country who completed the organisations that received Response questionnaire the questionnaire rate (%) Lithuania 36 36 100 Georgia 34 34 100 France 33 33 100 Albania 24 24 100 Croatia 37 37 100 Belgium (Flanders) 34 35 97 Netherlands 29 30 97 Portugal 30 31 97 Azerbaijan 27 28 96 Belgium (Wallonia- Brussels Federation) 29 31 94 Czech Republic 39 43 91 Finland 31 34 91 Israel 29 32 91 Spain 29 32 91 Austria 30 37 81 Serbia 24 40 60 Denmark 19 34 56 Bulgaria 10 29 35 Montenegro 2 16 13 Total 526 616 Overall response rate (%) 85 1.3 Main results In this section, the key data from the study on gender equality in sport is summarized in tables 2 to 7. Thereafter, some of the main ndings related to the analysis of the dierences between the countries and the sport federations are commented on. Page 8 7 ALL IN! TOWARDS GENDER BALANCE IN EUROPEAN SPORT - Analytical report of the data collection campaign 1.3.1 KEY DATA ON GENDER EQUALITY IN SPORT Table 2. Percentage of women in decision-making positions in the national governing bodies of sport (Olympic sport federations and national Olympic committees) Female Female board Female presidents vice-presidents members % n % n % n Olympic sport federations 7 35 18 171 22 1118 National Olympic Committees 19 3 29 15 22 64 Table 2 shows that women are under-represented in decision-making positions both in the Olympic sport federations and the NOCs. The percentage of female presidents is particularly low. It is somewhat higher among the NOCs (19%) than among the Olympic sport federations (7%). The percentage of female vice-presidents is higher, 29% in the Olympic Committees, compared with 18% in the Olympic sport federations. For both organisations, 22% of the board members are women. The same proportion of females is found among the employed elite level coaches (22%) as illustrated in Table 3. Table 3. Percentage of female elite level coaches employed by federations % n Female elite level coaches (employed by federations) 22 801 Another major nding is that 31 % of all members of a sport club are women and that the dierence between girls (under 18 years of age) and adult women (18 years and above) (Table 4) is very small. Table 4. Percentage of female members of the Olympic sport federations % n Under 18 years of age 32 2680966 18 years and older 30 2692522 All 31 5373488 Table 5 shows the percentages of actions/measures implemented to address gender equality in sport, for the dierent topics surveyed in the project. All three institutions/organisations