2011 ST/ESA/SER.A/324 Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division World Mortality Report 2011 United Nations New York, 2012 DESA The Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat is a vital interface between global policies in the economic, social and environmental spheres and national action. The Department works in three main interlinked areas: (i) it compiles, generates and analyses a wide range of economic, social and environmental data and information on which Member States of the United Nations draw to review common problems and take stock of policy options; (ii) it facilitates the negotiations of Member States in many intergovernmental bodies on joint courses of action to address ongoing or emerging global challenges; and (iii) it advises interested Governments on the ways and means of translating policy frameworks developed in United Nations conferences and summits into programmes at the country level and, through technical assistance, helps build national capacities. Note The designations employed in this report and the material presented in it do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with figures. This publication has been issued without formal editing. Suggested citation: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2012). World Mortality Report 2011 (United Nations publication). ST/ESA/SER.A/324 UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Copyright © United Nations 2012 All rights reserved PREFACE The World Mortality Report 2011, prepared by the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, provides an overview of the estimated and projected trends in mortality at the world level, for development groups and major areas; the analysis also focuses on country and regional data for selected mortality indicators. In addition to examining the summary indicator of life expectancy at birth, the report analyzes levels and trends in mortality for key age groups in childhood and provides a snapshot of adult and “old age” mortality levels. The report also revisits the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on estimated and projected mortality in light of recent updates in HIV prevalence levels and treatment coverage. An analysis of trends in life expectancy decomposed by age group is also presented to highlight the contributions of mortality change at different ages over recent decades. Lastly, the report presents an alternative way of examining the life tables from World Population Prospects to understand how the survival experience of cohorts differs from the period life expectancy measure. The mortality estimates presented in this report are available in digital form. Interested users can purchase the CD-ROM1 containing the corresponding data and results of the World Mortality Report 2011. A description of the data provided on the CD-ROM and an order form are presented on pages 39 to 42 of this publication and are also posted on the Population Division’s web site (www.unpopulation.org). The CD-ROM also includes an updated data inventory. The Population Division is grateful to the Statistics Division of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs for its continuing cooperation. The Population Division also acknowledges the assistance and cooperation of the World Health Organization, UNICEF, Measure DHS, the Human Mortality Database, the International Programs Center of the U.S. Census Bureau, and IPUMS- International as well as national statistical offices in providing some of the data that inform the estimates presented in this report. For information about the World Mortality Report 2011, please contact the Director, Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations, New York, NY 10017, USA (Fax: 1-212-963-2147). __________________ 1 United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2011a). World Mortality Report 2011, CD-ROM Edition, Datasets in Excel and PDF formats (POP/DB/MORT/2011). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division iii World Mortality Report 2011 CONTENTS Page PREFACE...................................................................................................................................................................... iii EXPLANATORY NOTES ................................................................................................................................................. vii INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................ 1 I. LEVELS AND TRENDS OF MORTALITY ................................................................................................................... 3 A. Life expectancy at birth................................................................................................................................ 3 B. Mortality in childhood.................................................................................................................................. 10 C. Mortality in adulthood.................................................................................................................................. 13 D. Age distribution of deaths ............................................................................................................................ 17 E. Contributions of age-specific mortality decline to changes in life expectancy ............................................ 20 F. Longevity of cohorts .................................................................................................................................... 22 G. Mortality from HIV/AIDS............................................................................................................................ 27 II. ORDERING THE WORLD MORTALITY REPORT 2011 CD-ROM EDITION – DATASETS IN EXCEL AND PDF FORMATS................................................................................................................................................ 39 III. REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................................ 43 TABLES I.1. Life expectancy at birth by development group and major area, 1950-1955, 2010-2015, 2045-2050 and 2095-2100..................................................................................................................................................... 4 I.2. Life expectancy at birth by sex, by development group and major area, 1950-1955, 2010-2015, and 2045-2050 .................................................................................................................................................... 8 I.3. Ten countries or areas with the highest and ten countries or areas with the lowest life expectancy at birth, 1950-1955, 2010-2015 and 2045-2050................................................................................................................ 9 I.4. Infant mortality rate by development group and major area, 1950-1955, 2010-2015, 2045-2050 and 2095-2100..................................................................................................................................................... 10 I.5. Under-five mortality rate by development group and major area, 1950-1955, 2010-2015, 2045-2050 and 2095-2100..................................................................................................................................................... 13 I.6. Probability of dying between the ages of 15 and 60 years and life expectancy at age 60 by sex, by development group and major area, 2010-2015 ............................................................................................. 15 I.7. HIV prevalence in countries and areas most affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, 2009................................... 28 I.8. Adult mortality, under-five mortality, and life expectancy at birth in countries and areas most affected by the HIV/AIDS epidemic, medium variant (“with AIDS”) and No-AIDS scenario (“without AIDS”), 2010-2015 ............................................................................................................................. 37 United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs/Population Division v World Mortality Report 2011 FIGURES Page I.1. Percentage distribution of the world population by level of life expectancy at birth, 1950-1955 to 2095-2100 ................................................................................................................................................ 3 I.2. Life expectancy at birth by development group, 1950-2100........................................................................ 5 I.3. Life expectancy at birth by major area, 1950-2100...................................................................................... 6 I.4. Infant mortality rate by development group, 1950-2100.............................................................................. 11 I.5. Infant mortality rate by major area, 1950-2100...........................................................................................