Journal of Critical Reviews ISSN-2394-5125 Vol 7, Issue 7, 2020 MUSICAL AND DRAMATIC FEATURES OF CHORAL SCENES IN THE OPERAS OF AZERBAIJANI COMPOSERS Ayten Babaeva Baku Music Academy named after Uzeyir Hajibayli Azerbaijan, Baku [email protected] Received: 11.02.2020 Revised: 03.03.2020 Accepted: 17.04.2020 Abstract The presented article is devoted to the musical and dramatic features of choral scenes in the operas of Azerbaijani composers. The paper considers the long-term development of Azerbaijani national operas from operas of mugamat the beginning of the 19th to the 20th century some aspects are found in the context of European and national traditions. Also, the domestic operas of Azerbaijan paid attention to the features of choral scenes, some principles of development, and the richness of the musical language. In particular, the law of updating the dramaturgy of choral scenes in Azerbaijani operas at the level of content and musical language was emphasized. The article classifies Azerbaijani operas by content and considers drama, the principle of structure, features of the musical style, the artistic character of images in the analysis of choral scenes in lyric-dramatic, literary-historical, satirical and patriotic operas. The unique qualities and role of choral scenes in Azerbaijani national operas were also presented. Keywords: Azerbaijan National Opera, musical and dramatic features of choral scenes, mugam opera, lyrical and tragic opera, satirical opera, patriotic opera, musical and exciting art. © 2020 by Advance Scientific Research. This is an open-access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.07.87 INTRODUCTION. In the 1920s, discussions about the development of national The genre of opera, which occupies a prominent place among opera, which were widely used in this area, were mainly the musical and stage works created by Azerbaijani related to the development of Azerbaijani art. The leading composers, has survived a century of development. The artists of the Azerbaijani opera are Uzeyir Hajibeyli and history of Azerbaijani professional music begins with the Muslim Magomayev, as well as A. Badalbeyli (Azerbaijani opera genre. " Leili and Majnun " U. Hajibeyli (1908), the first composer, 1909-1979, author), who was very young at that national Azerbaijani opera, mugams , vocal and instrumental time. The first ballet in the musical West (Maiden's Tower) compositions, which are direct examples of our professional advocated national preservation operas, as well as the national music, is also widely known, and the city of Shusha is development of professional music by studying the classical especially famous for this art. Mugam is an Azerbaijani variety heritage and works of European composers. Baku, as a large of musical practice that is widespread in the cultures of the industrial city, developed and developed into cultural Near and Middle East. It is the common name for Azerbaijani relations. The construction of the opera house by the frogs. 31558) and the further development of the opera of philanthropist Haji Zeynalabdin Tagiyev in 1883, the opening Azerbaijani composers were associated with this genre. The of first-class hotels and secular schools catalyzed multicultural basis of the musical theatre in Azerbaijan was laid by processes between Western and Eastern culture. Western the mugam opera, which bridges the gap between music of the early twentieth century played a significant role traditional mugam and modern Azerbaijani music and has no in Azerbaijani culture; therefore, a school of performing arts analogues in world music. began to form here, characterized by a large variety and richness of musical images. As in other forms of art, here are Establishment of national opera of Azerbaijan presented the ideas of the East and west, closely intertwined, So, in 1908, the first opera was created in Azerbaijan. It was mutually enriching each other. The perception of new tempos, exciting that in the opera, along with a mugamic plot, the rhythms, timbres, tonalities, musical forms created a particular features of the Shabikhs were organically combined with mood, sensitivity to the understanding of the real world (2, p. religious content. It should be noted that the choirs took an 34).The second half of the 30s - two operas created during the active part in the performances of significant upsurge of Azerbaijani musical culture "Nargiz" the Sabbaths. "Sheikh Sanan " (1909), "Rustam and Sohrab " (1935) and "Koroglu" (1937), was a great achievement of (1910), "Shah Abbas and Khurshudbanu " (1911), " Asli and Azerbaijani music. Muslim Magomayev's opera "Nargiz" had a Karam", created based on the opera of Uzeira Hajibeyli (1885– modern revolutionary theme, and Uzeyir Hajibeyli's opera 1948) " Leili and Majnun " ( 1908) (1912), the operas "Koroglu" was an opera reflecting the heroic past of the of Zaligar Hajibeyov (1884–1950) " Ashig Garib " (1916), the people. "Nargiz", which was a transition from the opera operas "Shah Ismail" by Muslim (1885–1937) (1916) as scenic "Mugam" to the modern opera in the classical style, and the works glorifying humanism, a free human personality, love opera "Koroglu", which was a turning point in the and devotion (1, p. 71). development of the Azerbaijani opera, were the result of significant research.Azerbaijani opera has a long history of Thus, opera became the first genre of professional music in development. "Vatan" (1945), created by Dzhovjet Gadzhiev Azerbaijan. The founder of opera, U. Hajibeyov, dressed in and Kara Garayev, "Azad" by Jahangir Jahangirov, "The fate of general education, received professional music education at a the singer", "Sevil" by Fikret Amirov (1953), "Aigun" Zakirov seminary in Georgia, then at music courses in Moscow and at Bagirova (1972), "Dead" by Vasif Adig "( 1963) and Natavan the Conservatory in St. Petersburg. The special environment (2001), Vagif by Ramiz Mustafayev (1962), The Rock of the that formed on a stick of the 19th and 20th centuries, when the Bride by Shafigi Akhundov (1974), The Deceived Stars development of Baku oil opened the gate to Western musical M. Guliyev (1977), Intisar Frangizade (2009) Each of his culture, contributed to increasing attention to the local musical operas played an essential role in the development of the elite, which created the creative spirit of the artistic Azerbaijani opera (1, p. 56). movement. M music, but with Asian content. This synthetic genre was support for solving several problems in the In general, looking at the history of the development of the emergence of professional music in Azerbaijan. Azerbaijani national opera, one can trace an exciting and Journal of critical reviews 495 MUSICAL AND DRAMATIC FEATURES OF CHORAL SCENES IN THE OPERAS OF AZERBAIJANI COMPOSERS unique way of developing the opera genre. Thus, the type of characters and specific situations to life. In this sense, the mugham opera, which first appeared in Azerbaijani music and formation of the musical and dramatic beginning of choral combined national features, as well as the originality of scenes in national operas begins directly with the opera Leyli domestic operas written in real European traditions, a variety and Majnun. It should be noted that the choir used in this of content, and novelty at the level of the musical language opera is an example of the first two-part national choir (7, p. attracts special attention. Looking at the operas of Azerbaijani 23). composers for decades, one can come across several interesting points. Thus, at the beginning of the twentieth Classification of Azerbaijani operas at the content level century, that is, from the moment the first Azerbaijani national In general, when studying the musical and dramatic role of opera was created until the 1930s, mugam operas choral scenes in Azerbaijani operas, it is necessary to predominated. The mugam operas of Uzeyir Hajibayli and emphasize the updating of national operas in terms of content Muslim Magomayev, the creators of the first Azerbaijani opera, and musical language. In this sense, classifying Azerbaijani became famous scenes during this period. The 1930s entered operas by content, you can familiarize yourself with the types the history of the national opera genre with the writing of the of operas formed on several topics: lyric-dramatic, satirical first Azerbaijani operas based on European traditions. Thus, in and patriotic, literary and historical operas are a vivid example our national music, which is undergoing a period of growth, of updating Azerbaijani operas in content. In general, the the issues of consensus building, the naturalness of the musical and dramatic development of choral scenes in influence of national and European traditions are more Azerbaijani operas is directly related to the content of the pronounced. Muslim Magomayev's operas Nargiz (1935) and opera. At the same time, the same can be said about the Koroghlu by Uzeyir Hajibeyli (1937) were written one after language of music. Thus, the use of elements of Azerbaijani another and became the pearls of Azerbaijani opera in the ethnic music, as well as the laws of development of mugham 1930s. In the 1940s, the consequences of World War II were and references to samples of folk art is some of the features also felt in the genre of the national opera, with preference that determine the operas of Azerbaijani composers. being given to the revival of people's thoughts and actions, their ideas and lifestyle. As a result, the opera Vatan was The role of choirs in the dramaturgy of each of the Azerbaijani created by Gara Garayev and Dzhovchet Gadzhiev (1945), operas, the embodiment of the mass is unique and specific, and which reflected the strict laws of war at the level of content also has a particular function in the nature of the images. It is and musical language in the opera. Fekret Amirov's opera known that the quality of the image is revealed not only on an Sevil, written in the 1950s, is the best example of a lyrical and individual level but also on public scenes.