Recto running head i 1 The Routledge Companion 2 3 to the Study of Religion 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 311 4 ‘A companion in the very best sense of the word: it provides the reader with excellent guides 5 and mentors to walk alongside on the path to understanding. The result is an intelligent, 6 fair-minded, thorough, and cutting-edge exploration of the field of religious studies.’ 7 Wendy Doniger, Mircea Eliade Distinguished Service 8 Professor of the History of Religions, University of Chicago 9 ‘This is a very rich Companion to the Study of Religion. The survey of key approaches 20 provides an excellent introduction for students and others, while the chapters show the 1 reader why and where the study of religion is relevant to our contemporary situation.’ 2 Willem B. Drees, Professor of Philosophy of Religion 3 and Ethics, Leiden University, the Netherlands 4 5 The Routledge Companion to the Study of Religion is a major resource for everyone taking courses in religious studies. It begins by explaining the most important methodological approaches to 6 religion – including psychology, philosophy, anthropology and comparative study – before 7 moving on to explore a wide variety of critical issues, such as gender, science, fundamentalism, 8 ritual and new religious movements. Written by renowned international specialists, and using 9 clear and accessible language throughout, it is an excellent guide to the problems and questions 30 found in exams and on courses. 1 2 • Surveys the history of religious studies and the key disciplinary approaches 3 • Highlights contemporary issues such as globalization, diaspora and politics 4 • Explains why the study of religion is relevant in today’s world • A valuable resource for courses at all levels 5 6 John R. Hinnells is Professor of the Comparative Study of Religions at Liverpool Hope 7 University, and was previously professor at SOAS and the University of Manchester. His 8 specialist research area is Zoroastrianism and the Parsis, on which he has written, among 9 others, The Zoroastrian Diaspora (2005), Zoroastrian and Parsi Studies (2000) and Zoroastrians 40 in Britain (1996). He is also the editor of various works, including The New Penguin Handbook 1 of Living Religions (2000), The Penguin Dictionary of Religions (1997), Who’s Who of Religions 2 (1996) and the Routledge Library of Religious Beliefs and Practices series. 3 Contributors: Eric Sharpe, Robert Segal, David Ford, Peter Vardy, Donald Wiebe, Martin 4 Riesebrodt, Mary Ellen Konieczny, Rosalind Hackett, Daniel Merkur, Douglas Allen, William 5 E. Paden, Darlene Juschka, Kim Knott, Paul Heelas, Richard King, Judith Fox, Henry Munson, 6 Paul Gifford, Garrett Green, Michael Barnes, George Moyser, Christopher Park, Thomas 71 Dixon, Luther Martin, Mark Hulsether, Seán McLoughlin. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 11 Recto running head iii 1 2 The Routledge Companion to 3 4 the Study of Religion 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 311 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 Edited by John R. Hinnells 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 71 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 11 First published 2005 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN 4 Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada 5 by Routledge 6 270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group 8 This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. 9 “To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s 20 collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.” 1 © 2005 John R. Hinnells for selection and editorial material; individual 2 contributors their contributions 3 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or 4 utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now 5 known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the 6 publishers. 7 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data 8 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library 9 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 11 The Routledge companion to the study of religion / 1 edited by John Hinnells. p. cm. 2 1. Religion – Study and teaching. I. Hinnells, John R. II. Title. 3 BL41.R685 2005 4 200'.71 – dc22 2004023489 5 ISBN 0-203-41269-9 Master e-book ISBN 6 7 8 ISBN 0-203-67171-6 (Adobe eReader Format) 9 ISBN 0–415–33310–5 (hbk) 11 ISBN 0–415–33311–3 (pbk) 1 2 3 4 5 6 11 Recto running head v 1 2 Contents 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 311 Notes on contributors ix 4 5 Introduction 1 6 7 1 Why study religions? 5 8 JOHN R. HINNELLS 9 2 The study of religion in historical perspective 21 20 1 ERIC J. SHARPE 2 3 PART 1 4 Key approaches to the study of religions 47 5 6 3 Theories of religion 49 7 8 ROBERT A. SEGAL 9 4 Theology 61 30 DAVID F. FORD 1 2 5 Philosophy of religion 80 3 PETER VARDY 4 5 6 Religious studies 98 6 DONALD WIEBE 7 7 Sociology of religion 125 8 9 MARTIN RIESEBRODT AND MARY ELLEN KONIECZNY 40 8 Anthropology of religion 144 1 ROSALIND I. J. HACKETT 2 3 9 Psychology of religion 164 4 DAN MERKUR 5 6 10 Phenomenology of religion 182 71 DOUGLAS ALLEN vi Contents 1 11 Comparative religion 208 2 WILLIAM E. PADEN 3 4 5 PART 2 6 Key issues in the study of religions 227 7 8 12 Gender 229 9 DARLENE M. JUSCHKA 10 1 13 Insider/outsider perspectives 243 2 KIM KNOTT 11 14 Postmodernism 259 4 PAUL HEELAS 5 6 15 Orientalism and the study of religions 275 7 RICHARD KING 8 9 16 Secularization 291 20 JUDITH FOX 1 17 Mysticism and spirituality 306 2 3 RICHARD KING 4 18 New religious movements 323 5 JUDITH FOX 6 7 19 Fundamentalism 337 8 HENRY MUNSON 9 11 20 Myth and ritual 355 1 ROBERT A. SEGAL 2 21 Religious authority: scripture, tradition, charisma 379 3 PAUL GIFFORD 4 5 22 Hermeneutics 392 6 GARRETT GREEN 7 8 23 Religious pluralism 407 9 MICHAEL BARNES 11 24 Religion and politics 423 1 2 GEORGE MOYSER 3 25 Religion and geography 439 4 CHRIS PARK 5 6 26 Religion and science 456 11 THOMAS DIXON Contents vii 1 27 Religion and cognition 473 2 LUTHER H. MARTIN 3 4 28 Religion and culture 489 5 MARK HULSETHER 6 29 Religion and the arts 509 7 8 JOHN R. HINNELLS 9 30 Migration, diaspora and transnationalism: transformations of 526 10 religion and culture in a globalising age 1 SEÁN MCLOUGHLIN 2 311 4 Index 550 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 71 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 11 4 5 6 7 8 9 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 1 2 3 4 5 6 11 Recto running head ix 1 2 Notes on contributors 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 311 4 Douglas Allen, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Maine, is author and 5 editor of over ten books, including Structure and Creativity of Religion and other 6 books focusing on phenomenology of religion. He served as President of the 7 International Society for Asian and Comparative Philosophy (2000–3) and has 8 had Fulbright and Smithsonian grants to India. His most recent book is Myth and 9 Religion in Mircea Eliade (Routledge 2002). 20 Michael Barnes studied Theology at Heythrop College in the University of London 1 and Indian Religions at the University of Oxford. After doctoral studies in 2 Cambridge he now teaches Theology and Religious Studies at Heythrop and runs 3 a small inter-faith centre in Southall, West London. 4 5 Thomas Dixon is a Lecturer in History at Lancaster University. His first book, From 6 Passions to Emotions: The Creation of a Secular Psychological Category was published 7 by Cambridge University Press in 2003. His teaching and research interests include 8 topics in the histories of science, religion, ethics and political thought, especially 9 in Britain and America from the eighteenth to the twentieth centuries. 30 1 David F. Ford is Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Cambridge. He 2 is the author of numerous books, including: Theology: A Very Short Introduction 3 (2000), Self and Salvation: Being Transformed (1999), The Shape of Living (1997), 4 Meaning and Truth in 2 Corinthians (1988, with Frances M. Young), Jubilate: 5 Theology in Praise (1984, with Daniel W. Hardy) and Barth and God’s Story: Biblical 6 Narrative and the Theological Method of Karl Barth in the Church Dogmatics (1981). 7 He also directs the Cambridge Interfaith Programme and is a member of the 8 editorial board of Modern Theology and Scottish Journal of Theology.