National Institute on Drug Abuse RESEARCH MONOGRAPH SERIES Problems of Drug Dependence 1997: Proceedings of the 59th Annual Scientific Meeting The College on Problems of Drug Dependence, Inc. U.S. Department of Health and Human1 Services78 • National Institutes of Health BOARD OF DIRECTORS Steven G. Holtzman, Ph.D., President Scott E. Lukas, Ph.D. Linda A. Dykstra, Ph.D., President-elect Billy R. Martin, Ph.D. Robert L. Balster, Past-president A. Thomas McLellan, Ph.D. George E. Bigelow, Ph.D., Treasurer Roy W. Pickens, Ph.D. Richard Bonnie, L.L.B. Frank Porreca, Ph.D. Linda B. Cottler, Ph.D., M.P.H. Beny J. Primm, M.D. Harriet de Wit, Ph.D. Peter Reuter, Ph.D. Avram Goldstein, M.D. Sidney H. Schnoll, M.D., Ph.D. Dorothy Hatsukami, Ph.D. Charles R. Schuster, Ph.D. John Hughes, M.D. James E. Smith, Ph.D. M. Ross Johnson, Ph.D. Maxine L. Stitzer, Ph.D. Michael J. Kuhar, Ph.D. Alice M. Young, Ph.D. EXECUTIVE OFFICER Martin W. Adler, Ph.D. SCIENTIFIC PROGRAM COMMITTEE Thomas R. Kosten, Chair Martin W. Adler James Anthony Maureen Bronson Kathryn A. Cunningham Ellen B. Geller M. Ross Johnson Reese T. Jones Mary J. Kreek Sidney H. Schnoll Charles R. Schuster Maxine L. Stitzer George R. Uhl i TABLE OF CONTENTS PLENARY SESSION In Memoriam: Sydney Archer, Ph.D. - January 23, 1926 - August 22, 1997 J. M. Bidlack 1 The National Institute on Drug Abuse: A. I. Leshner 3 Introduction of the Nathan B. Eddy Memorial Award Recipient W. L. Dewey 9 Nathan B. Eddy Award Lecture M. W. Adler 11 SYMPOSIUM IV Opioids and Neuropeptides in Immune Function and Host Defenses Against Retroviruses T. Eisenstein and J. Madden, Chairpersons 23 SYMPOSIUM V The Effects of Prenatal Cocaine Exposure on CNS Development S. Mackler, Choir 27 SYMPOSIUM VI Drugs of Abuse, Impulsivity and Risk Taking H. de Wit and Gene Heyman, Chairpersons 30 SYMPOSIUM VII Recent Progress in Transporter Research M. Kuhar and J. Justice, Chairpersons 33 SYMPOSIUM VIII Drug Dependence and the Genome T. Kosten, Chair 36 SYMPOSIUM IX Current HIV and Drug Abuse Prevention Research Findings and Future Directions S. Coyle and R. Needle, Chairpersons 39 SYMPOSIUM X Approaches to the Molecular Genetics of Drug Abuse George Uhl, Chair 40 SYMPOSIUM XI Ethical Laboratory Research with Humans: The Devil is in the Details M. Fischman and C.-E. Johanson, Chairpersons 41 SYMPOSIUM XIII Novel Applications of Human Drug Discrimination of Understanding Effects C. Rush and J. Kamien, Chairpersons 45 ii SYMPOSIUM XIV PTSD and Substance Abuse: Nosology, Epidemiology, Genetics and Neurobiology N. Breslau and R. Price, Chairpersons 48 SYMPOSIUM XV HIV in the Brain B. Hoffer, Choir 52 SYMPOSIUM XVI Combined Cocaine and Opioid Abuse: From Neurobiology to the Clinic S. S. Negus and 1. Rowlett, Chairpersons 55 WORKSHOPS Making Audiences AMAZED, Not GLAZED: Techniques for Improving Presentations R. Eisenberg and F. George, Chairpersons 58 Food, Sex and Drug Incentives: Implications of a Common Substrate for Development of Anti-Craving Medications F. Vocci, A. R. Childress, Chairpersons 59 Fighting Back - Community Interventions to Reduce Drug Abuse R. S. Schottenfeld and C. Winick, Chairpersons 61 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS I Nicotine: Laboratory and Clinical Studies 64 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS II Marijuana: Clinical Studies 68 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS III Benzodiazepines 72 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS IV Medicinal Chemistry: Cocaine and Opioids 76 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS V Neurobiology of Stimulants 81 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS VI Analgesia 85 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS VII Treatment for Opioid Dependence 8 9 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS VIII Cannahinoids: Chemistry, Receptors and Behavior 93 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS IX Treatment for Stimulant Addictions 96 iii ORAL COMMUNICATIONS X HIV/AIDS: Risk Behaviors 101 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XI Effects of Stimulants in Human Subjects 104 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XII Opioids: Behavioral Studies 107 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XIII Effects on the Immune System 112 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XIV Alcohol 118 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XV Perinatal Substance Abuse 122 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XVI Opioid Receptors and Signal Transduction 126 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XVII Psychiatric Comorbidity in Drug Abusers 129 ORAL COMMUNICATIONS XVIII Drug Use in Pregnancy 133 POSTER SESSION I 137 Treatment of Cocaine Dependence Imaging Nicotine Opioids: Chemistry, Molecular Biology, Physiology and Behavior Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates HIV/AIDS: Risk Prevention POSTER SESSION II 187 HIV/AIDS: Risk Reduction, Testing, Treatment, CNS Effects Drug Effects on Immune Function and Health Cardiovascular Effects of Cocaine Cocaine: Behavior Pharmacokinetics: Drug Testing Analgesia PCP, NMDA and Sigma Receptors; Inhalants Marijuana, Cannabinoids iv POSTER SESSIONS III 241 Alcohol Family Risk Factors Adolescents Comorbidity of Substance Abuse and Psychiatric Disorders Drugs and Crime Employment Research Design and Analysis Dopamine and Serotonin Caffeine POSTER SESSIONS IV 288 Amphetamines Cocaine: Motor Effects Treatment for Opiate Dependence Polydrug Abuse Drug Abuse in Women Substance Abuse in Pregnancy LATE ABSTRACTS 344 ANNUAL REPORTS BIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF COMPOUNDS FOR THEIR PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE POTENTIAL AND ABUSE LIABILITY. XXI. DRUG EVALUATION COMMITTEE OF THE COLLEGE ON PROBLEMS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE (1997) A. E. Jacobson, Biological Coordinator, Drug Evaluation Committee, CPDD 346 DEPENDENCE STUDIES OF NEW COMPOUNDS IN THE RHESUS MONKEY, RAT AND MOUSE (1997) M. D. Aceto, E. R. Bowman, L. S. Harris, and E. L. May 363 EVALUATION OF NEW COMPOUNDS FOR OPIOID ACTIVITY (1997) J. H. Woods, F. Medzihradsky, C. B. Smith, R. R. Butelman, and G. Winger 408 PROGRESS REPORT FROM THE TESTING PROGRAM FOR STIMULANT AND DEPRESSANT DRUGS (1996) C. P. France, L. R. Gerak, J. K. Rowlett, W. L. Woolverlon, G. Winger, and J. H. Woods 429 STANDARD BINDING AND FUNCTIONAL ASSAYS RELATED TO MEDICATIONS DEVELOPMENT DIVISION TESTING FOR POTENTIAL COCAINE AND OPIATE NARCOTIC TREATMENT MEDICATIONS L. Toll, I. P. Berzetei-Gurske, W. E. Polgar, S. R. Brandt, I. D. Adapa, L. Rodriguez, R. W. Schwartz, D. Haggart, A. O’Brien, A. White, J. M. Kennedy, K. Craymer, L. Farrington, and J. S. Auh 440 AUTHOR INDEX 467 SUBJECT INDEX 483 v IN MEMORIAM SYDNEY ARCHER January 23, 1917 - August 22, 1997 Dr. Sydney Archer, a Research Professor and former Dean of Science at Rensselaer Polylechnic Institute, died from a stroke on August 22, 1996 in Albany, New York. Syd, as he was known to his numerous colleagues and friends, was a Charter Fellow and former member of the Board of Directors of the Committee (now College) on Problems of Drug Dependence. He was an active participant in CPDD meetings for more man four decades. Syd was born in Brooklyn on January 23, 1917. He received his B.S. in Chemistry from the University of Wisconsin in 1937. After completing his Ph.D. in Organic Chemistry at Pennsylvania State University in 1940, he was a postdoctoral fellow at Northwestern University and the University of Chicago. In 1943, Syd started his career at Sterling-Winthrop Research Institute as a Research Chemist. He became Director of the Chemistry Division in 1964, and from 1968 to 1973. Syd was Vice President and Associate Director of Research at Sterling- Winthrop. Syd synthesized hundreds of opioids during his tenure at Sterling-Winthrop, including pentazocine and 1 cyclazocine. He was the first to demonstrate that the substitution of a N-cyclopropylmethyl group for the N-methyl group in the benzomorphan series resulted in compounds displaying antagonist properties. Syd was instrumental in introducing partial agonists into the opioid field, compounds with both agonist and antagonist properties. In 1968, he was the recipient of the Medicinal Chemistry Award from the American Chemical Society. While at working at Sterling-Winthrop, Syd was also an Adjunct Professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, teaching medicinal chemistry in the evenings. His lectures on medicinal chemistry were also well known by his many colleagues, particularly. those that saved on NIDA Study Sections with him. Syd’s enthusiasm for chemistry and its applications was boundless and contagious. Upon retiring from Sterling-Winthrop in 1973. Syd launched a second career, as a Research Professor of Medicinal Chemistry at Rensselaer Polytechnic lnstitute in Troy, New York. He was Dean of the School of Science from 1980 to 1985. Syd played a central role in the creation of the New York State Capital District Center for Drug Abuse Research and Treatment. Holding more man 100 patents. Syd was named Inventor of the Year by the Eastern New York Patent Law Association in 1978. For the past two decades, most of his research in the drug abuse field focused on novel approaches for designing new drugs to treat heroin, cocaine, and alcohol abuse. Also, Syd synthesized a number of fluorescent opioids. He made key contributions in identifying opioid receptors on immune cells, and on microglia, the brain’s macrophages, that can become infected with HIV-1. Syd was continuing to synthesize new compounds up to the time of his death. Syd will be remembered for his inspiration, boundless enthusiasm, and optimistic outlook. He always focused on the future and had an endless supply of new ideas and energy. Also, Syd will be remembered for knowing the best restaurants in the world and for his strong appreciation of classical music. Syd was an extremely supportive colleague, and I was privileged to collaborate with him for a number of years. Syd is survived by his wife. Therese, and his three children, David, Eve, and Daniel. Prepared by: J. M. Bidlack Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 2 DRUG ABUSE AND ADDICTION: RESEARCH PROGRESS AND FUTURE PROSPECTS A. I. Leshner National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD I am extremely happy to be here again this year--to have the opportunity to meet face-to-face with so many of the talented scientists who are moving the drug abuse and addiction research field forward and to hear about the great science that you have been doing over the past year.