MASARYK UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF EDUCATION Department of English Language and Literature Translation and Interpretation of Dancing Expressions Diploma Thesis Brno 2020 Supervisor: Author: Mgr. Martin Němec, Ph.D. Bc. Nikola Ondráková Declaration I hereby declare that I wrote the master thesis independently and that I used only sources listed in the bibliography. I agree with deposition of my thesis at Masaryk University to make it accessible for study purposes. Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto diplomovou práci vypracovala samostatně, pouze s pomocí uvedených zdrojů. Souhlasím s uložením práce na Masarykově univerzitě a jejím zpřístupněním pro studijní účely. In Brno, December 2020 …………………………………… Nikola Ondráková Acknowledgements I would like to express my great appreciation to Mgr. Martin Němec, Ph.D. for his kind approach, professional advices and great patience that he provided to me during consultations as the supervisor. I would like to express my gratitude to the community of Brno dancers, who motivated me to complement and finish my diploma thesis. Bibliographic record ONDRÁKOVÁ, Nikola. Translation and Interpretation of Dancing Expressions. Diploma thesis. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Education, Department of English Language and Literature, 2020. 89 pp. Supervisor Mgr. Martin Němec, Ph.D. Annotation This diploma thesis deals with translation and interpretation of dancing descriptions and lessons. The main differences between translation and interpretation are described in the theoretical part, together with several linguistic features of English, German, Portuguese and Czech language. The practical part is focused on translation of dancing description, i.e., general dancing technique and a comparison of differences between particular languages in figure syllabus and an example of interpretation of a dancing lesson. Anotace Tato diplomová práce se zabývá překladem a tlumočením tanečních popisů a lekcí. V teoretické části jsou popsány hlavní rozdíly mezi překladem a tlumočením, společně s některými lingvistickými rozdíly mezi anglickým, německým, portugalským a českým jazykem. Praktická část se zabývá překladem tanečních popisů, tj. obecnou taneční technikou a porovnáním rozdílů mezi jednotlivými jazyky v seznamu figur a příkladem tlumočení taneční lekce. Keywords translation, interpretation, dance, dancer, technique, figure, Czech language, English language, German language, Portuguese language, description, terminology, comparison, analysis Klíčová slova překlad, tlumočení, tanec, tanečník, technika, figura, český jazyk, anglický jazyk, německý jazyk, portugalský jazyk, popis, terminologie, srovnání, analýza TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 7 AIMS & HYPOTHESIS ........................................................................................................... 8 METHODS & METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................ 9 THEORETICAL PART .......................................................................................................... 10 1. Introduction to problematics .......................................................................................... 11 2. Translation ...................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Approaches to translation ......................................................................................... 13 2.1.1 Eugene A. Nida’s approach .............................................................................. 13 2.1.2 Christiane Nord’s approach .............................................................................. 15 2.2 Technical translation ................................................................................................. 17 2.2.1 Jody Byrne’s approach ..................................................................................... 17 2.2.2 Josef Dubský’s approach .................................................................................. 19 3. Interpretation ................................................................................................................... 20 3.1 Approaches to interpretation .................................................................................... 22 3.1.1 James Nolan’s approach ................................................................................... 22 3.1.2 Stephen Neale’s approach ................................................................................ 24 4. Characteristic features of SL and TL .............................................................................. 25 4.1 English language ....................................................................................................... 26 4.1.1 Word order ........................................................................................................ 26 4.1.2 Word formation ................................................................................................ 26 4.2 German language ...................................................................................................... 28 4.2.1 Word formation ................................................................................................ 29 4.3 Portuguese language ................................................................................................. 29 4.3.1 Position of adjectives ........................................................................................ 30 4.4 Czech language ......................................................................................................... 31 4.4.1 Verbal aspect .................................................................................................... 31 4.4.2 Declension ........................................................................................................ 32 4.5 Sample translation .................................................................................................... 34 PRACTICAL PART ............................................................................................................... 35 5. Introduction to problematics .......................................................................................... 36 6. Translation ...................................................................................................................... 37 6.1 WDSF descriptions ................................................................................................... 37 6.1.1 Basic principles ................................................................................................ 38 6.1.1.1 General actions: spins and turns ................................................................... 39 6.1.1.2 Foot Action ................................................................................................... 41 6.1.1.3 Music in DanceSport .................................................................................... 44 6.1.1.4 Alignment .............................................................................................................. 48 6.1.1.5 Lead, hold ..................................................................................................... 50 6.1.2 Analysis of specific principle ........................................................................... 60 6.1.3 Abbreviations ................................................................................................... 62 6.2 Syllabus of dancing figures ...................................................................................... 63 6.2.1 English Waltz (EN) .......................................................................................... 63 6.2.1.1 Analysis of syllabus ...................................................................................... 65 6.2.2 Tango ................................................................................................................ 67 6.2.2.1 Argentine Tango (ES)................................................................................... 67 6.2.2.2 Ballroom Tango (EN) ................................................................................... 71 6.2.2.3 Analysis of name of figure ........................................................................... 73 6.2.3 Samba ............................................................................................................... 74 6.2.3.1 Samba de Gafieira/Samba no Pé (PT) .......................................................... 74 6.2.3.2 Ballroom Samba (EN) .................................................................................. 76 6.2.3.3 Analysis of borrowings................................................................................. 78 6.2.4 Polka (CS) ........................................................................................................ 79 7. Interpretation ................................................................................................................... 81 7.1 Dancing lesson .......................................................................................................... 81 7.2 Analysis of dancing lesson ....................................................................................... 84 CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 86 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................