Front cover IBM TotalStorage: SAN Product, Design, and Optimization Guide Use real-life case studies to learn SAN designs Understand channel extension solutions Learn best practices for your SAN design Jon Tate Jim Kelly Pauli Rämö Leos Stehlik ibm.com/redbooks International Technical Support Organization IBM TotalStorage: SAN Product, Design, and Optimization Guide September 2005 SG24-6384-01 Note: Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page xxxv. Second Edition (July 2005) This edition applies to the products described within. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2005. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users Restricted Rights -- Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents Figures . .xxvii Notices . xxxv Trademarks . xxxvi Preface . .xxxvii The team that wrote this redbook. .xxxvii Become a published author . xli Comments welcome. xli Chapter 1. Introduction. 1 1.1 Beyond disaster recovery . 2 1.1.1 Whose responsibility is it?. 3 1.1.2 The Internet brings increased risks . 4 1.1.3 Planning for business continuity . 5 1.2 Using a SAN for business continuance . 6 1.2.1 SANs and business continuance . 7 1.3 SAN business benefits . 8 1.3.1 Storage consolidation and sharing of resources . 8 1.3.2 Data sharing . 10 1.3.3 Nondisruptive scalability for growth. 11 1.3.4 Improved backup and recovery. 11 1.3.5 High performance . 13 1.3.6 High availability server clustering . 13 1.3.7 Improved disaster tolerance . 14 1.3.8 Allow selection of best of breed storage . 14 1.3.9 Ease of data migration . 14 1.3.10 Reduced total costs of ownership . 15 1.3.11 Storage resources match e-business enterprise needs . 15 Chapter 2. SAN fabric components . 17 2.1 Fibre Channel technology sub-components . 18 2.2 Fibre Channel interconnects . 18 2.2.1 Fibre Channel transmission rates . 19 2.2.2 Small Form Factor Pluggable Module. 19 2.2.3 Gigabit Interface Converters . 22 2.2.4 Gigabit Link Modules. 23 2.2.5 Media Interface Adapters . 24 2.2.6 1x9 transceivers . 25 © Copyright IBM Corp. 2005. All rights reserved. iii 2.2.7 Fibre Channel adapter cable. 25 2.2.8 Host Bus Adapters . 26 2.2.9 Loop Switches. 27 2.2.10 Switches . 28 2.2.11 Directors . 29 2.2.12 Fibre Channel routers . 32 2.2.13 Switch, director and router features . 32 2.2.14 Test equipment . 34 Chapter 3. SAN features . 39 3.1 Fabric implementation . 40 3.1.1 Blocking. 41 3.1.2 Ports . 42 3.1.3 Fabric topologies. 44 3.1.4 Point-to-point. 45 3.1.5 Arbitrated loop. 46 3.1.6 Switched fabric . 48 3.1.7 Inter Switch Links . 51 3.1.8 Adding new devices . 58 3.2 Classes of service . 59 3.2.1 Class 1 . 60 3.2.2 Class 2 . 60 3.2.3 Class 3 . 60 3.2.4 Class 4 . 61 3.2.5 Class 5 . 61 3.2.6 Class 6 . 61 3.2.7 Class F . 62 3.2.8 Communication . 62 3.3 Buffers . 62 3.4 Addressing . 66 3.4.1 World Wide Name . 66 3.4.2 WWN and WWPN . 67 3.4.3 24-bit port address . 70 3.4.4 Loop address . 72 3.4.5 FICON addressing . 72 3.5 Fabric services . 77 3.5.1 Management services . 78 3.5.2 Time services . 78 3.5.3 Name services . 78 3.5.4 Login services . 78 3.5.5 Registered State Change Notification . 78 3.6 Logins . 78 3.6.1 Fabric login . 79 iv IBM TotalStorage: SAN Product, Design, and Optimization Guide 3.6.2 Port login . 79 3.6.3 Process login. 80 3.7 Path routing mechanisms . 80 3.7.1 Spanning tree . 80 3.7.2 Fabric Shortest Path First . ..