Public Disclosure Authorized KARACHI WATER AND SEWERAGE SERVICES IMPROVEMENT PROJECT SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Public Disclosure Authorized Final Report May 2019 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Karachi Water and Sewerage Board Karachi Social Management Framework TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 28 1.1 Context ........................................................................................................................ 28 1.2 Social Management Framework .................................................................................. 28 1.2.1 Purpose and Scope of Social Management Framework (SMF) ..................... 29 1.2.2 Scope of SMF ............................................................................................... 30 1.2.3 SMF Policy Principles ................................................................................... 31 1.2.4 Application of Policy Principles on Social Safeguards ................................... 32 1.2.5 Methodology for SMF Preparation ................................................................. 33 1.2.6 Updating the SMF and operationalization of SMF ......................................... 35 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................... 36 2.1 Project Description ...................................................................................................... 36 2.1.1 Project Development Objectives and Key Results ......................................... 36 2.1.2 Project Components...................................................................................... 36 2.2 KW&SB Proposed Investment Plan – Subprojects under KWSSIP .............................. 38 2.2.1 Phase 1 ......................................................................................................... 39 2.2.2 Phase 2 ......................................................................................................... 39 2.2.3 Phase 3 ......................................................................................................... 40 2.2.4 Phase 4 ......................................................................................................... 40 3 SOCIAL CONTEXT AND BASELINE CONDITIONS ........................................................ 41 3.1 Context ........................................................................................................................ 41 3.2 Socio-Economic Features............................................................................................ 41 3.2.1 Demographic Characteristics ........................................................................ 41 3.2.2 Population Distribution .................................................................................. 43 3.2.3 Population Trends ......................................................................................... 44 3.3 Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Diversity ..................................................................... 45 3.4 Influx of Immigrants ..................................................................................................... 46 3.5 Incidence of Poverty in Karachi ................................................................................... 47 3.6 Social and Human Development Indicators of Poverty ................................................ 49 3.6.1 Education and Literacy .................................................................................. 49 3.6.2 Karachi Human Development Index (HDI) .................................................... 50 3.6.3 Health ........................................................................................................... 51 3.6.4 Housing ......................................................................................................... 52 3.7 Economy ..................................................................................................................... 53 3.7.1 Employment .................................................................................................. 54 3.7.2 Informal Sector .............................................................................................. 55 3.8 Social Infrastructure and Services ............................................................................... 55 3.8.1 Water Supply ................................................................................................ 55 3.8.2 Sewerage System ......................................................................................... 57 3.8.3 The Drainage System ................................................................................... 59 3.8.4 Solid Waste ................................................................................................... 60 3.8.5 Power Supply ................................................................................................ 60 3.8.6 Public Transport ............................................................................................ 61 Karachi Water and Sewerage Services Improvement Project i Social Management Framework 3.8.7 Roads ........................................................................................................... 61 3.8.8 Fire Services ................................................................................................. 61 3.9 Crime and Violence ..................................................................................................... 62 3.9.1 Gender-based Violence ................................................................................ 64 3.10 Current Anti-encroachment Drive in Karachi ................................................................ 64 3.10.1 Scale of Physical and Economic Displacement ............................................. 64 3.10.2 Civil Society Perspective on the Physical and Economic Displacement ........ 66 3.10.3 World Bank Policy Provisions ........................................................................ 67 4 GENERAL POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORK ............................. 70 4.1 Overview ..................................................................................................................... 70 4.2 Applicable National Policies and Legislation ................................................................ 70 4.2.1 Constitution of Pakistan (1973) ..................................................................... 70 4.2.2 Pakistan Environmental Protection Act, 1997 ..................................... 71 4.2.3 Land Acquisition Act (1894) .......................................................................... 71 4.2.4 Antiquity Act, (1975) ...................................................................................... 73 4.2.5 The Criminal Law (Third Amendment, Act 2011) ........................................... 73 4.2.6 Employment of Child Act, (1991) ................................................................... 73 4.2.7 Factories Act (1934) ...................................................................................... 74 4.2.8 The National Drinking Water Policy ............................................................... 74 4.3 Applicable Provincial Policies and Legislation.............................................................. 75 4.3.1 Sindh Environmental Protection Act (2014) ................................................... 75 4.3.2 Sindh Local Government Act (2013) .............................................................. 75 4.3.3 The Sindh Local Government (Amendment) Act, 2017 ................................. 76 4.3.4 Sindh Public Property (Removal of Encroachment) Act, 2010 ....................... 76 4.3.5 Sindh High Density Development Board Act 2010 ........................................ 76 4.3.6 The Karachi Water and Sewerage Board (Amendment) Act, 2015 ................ 76 4.3.7 Sindh Katchi Abadis (SKAA), Act 1987 ......................................................... 77 4.3.8 The Sindh Solid Waste Management Board Act, 2014 .................................. 77 4.3.9 The Sindh Differently Able Persons (Employment, Rehabilitation and Welfare (Amendment) Act, 2017 ................................................................................ 77 4.3.10 The Sindh Commission on the Status of Women Act, 2015 .......................... 77 4.3.11 The Sindh Domestic Violence (Prevention and Protection) Act, 2013 ........... 78 4.3.12 The Sindh Child Marriages Restraint Act, 2013 ............................................. 78 4.3.13 Sindh Bonded Labour (Abolition) Act 2015 .................................................... 78 4.3.14 Sindh Factories Act 2015 .............................................................................. 78 4.3.15 Sindh Minimum Wages Act, 2015 ................................................................. 79 4.3.16 Sindh Payment of Wages Act, 2015 .............................................................. 79 4.3.17 The Sindh Occupational Safety and Health Act (2017) .................................. 79 4.3.18 The Sindh Transparency and Right to Information, 2016 ................................. 79 4.3.19 Sindh Solid Waste Management Board (SSWMB) Act, 2014 ........................ 79 4.3.20 Sindh Cultural Heritage (Preservation) Act, 1994 .......................................... 80 4.3.21 Karachi Strategic Development