Report of the Joint Working Group on Quantitative In Vivo Functional Imaging in Oncology January 6–8, 1999 Washington, D.C. Sponsored by the U.S. Public Health Service’s Office on Women’s Health and National Cancer Institute Editors Faina Shtern, M.D. Daniel Winfield, M.S. U.S. Public Health Service Research Triangle Institute Office on Women’s Health Contributors Britton Chance, Ph.D., D.Sc. Steven E. Harms, M.D. University of Pennsylvania Medical Center University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Jerry M. Collins, Ph.D. Rakesh K. Jain, Ph.D. U.S. Food and Drug Administration Harvard University Medical School William C. Eckelman, Ph.D. Stephen Lam, M.D., F.R.C.P.C. National Institutes of Health Clinical Center University of British Columbia Jeffrey L. Evelhoch, Ph.D. James L. Mulshine, M.D. Wayne State University National Cancer Institute Michael S. Feld, Ph.D. Richard L. Wahl, M.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology University of Michigan John N. Weinstein, M.D., Ph.D. National Cancer Institute Acknowledgments Daniel Sullivan, M.D. Wanda K. Jones, Dr.P.H. Robert E. Wittes, M.D. National Cancer Institute U.S. Public Health Service National Cancer Institute Office on Women’s Health Contents Planning Committee ...................................................................................................................................................iv Speakers and Panelists ................................................................................................................................................v Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................1 Goals of the Joint USPHS OWH/NCI Working Group .............................................................................................1 References ..................................................................................................................... ............................................3 Session 1: Summary of Clinical Issues .......................................................................................................................4 Breast Cancer.............................................................................................................................................................4 Lung Cancer...............................................................................................................................................................5 Prostate Cancer ................................................................................................................ ..........................................7 Colorectal Carcinoma ........................................................................................................... .....................................7 Esophageal Cancer.....................................................................................................................................................8 Ovarian Cancer ................................................................................................................. .........................................9 Cervical Cancer ................................................................................................................ .........................................9 Endometrial Cancer ............................................................................................................. ....................................10 Research Priorities............................................................................................................ .......................................10 References ..................................................................................................................... ..........................................11 Session 2: State of the Art in Functional Imaging...................................................................................................16 MRI/MRS ................................................................................................................................................................16 Nuclear Medicine and PET Imaging........................................................................................................................17 Optical Imaging Methods ........................................................................................................ ................................20 Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging........................................................................................ .....................21 Research Priorities and Overall Recommendations .................................................................................................22 References ..................................................................................................................... ..........................................25 Session 3: Tumor Biology/Pathology........................................................................................................................26 Oncology, Tumor Biology, and Pathophysiology....................................................................................................26 Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy ..........................................................................................................................27 Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy.....................................................................................................28 Nuclear Medicine and PET......................................................................................................................................28 Key Findings and Recommendations.......................................................................................................................29 Research Priorities ...................................................................................................................................................30 References ...............................................................................................................................................................31 Session 4: Pharmacology ...........................................................................................................................................33 Positron Emission Tomography...............................................................................................................................33 Magnetic Resonance Imaging..................................................................................................................................34 Optical Methods in Site-Specific Pharmacokinetics ................................................................................................35 In Vivo Optical Applications ...................................................................................................................................35 Pharmacology without Imaging Tools .....................................................................................................................36 Research Priorities ...................................................................................................................................................36 References ...............................................................................................................................................................36 Quantitative In Vivo Functional Imaging ii January 6–8, 1999 Session 5: Cellular and Molecular Targets..............................................................................................................38 Biological Targets for Functional Imaging ..............................................................................................................38 Monitoring In Vivo Gene Expression with MRI .....................................................................................................38 Tumor Biology and Physiology ...............................................................................................................................38 Using Tumor Biology to Map Gene Expression......................................................................................................39 Targets for Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging........................................................................................................39 Targets for Nuclear Medicine/PET..........................................................................................................................40 Evaluation of Gene Therapy and Signal Transduction Pathways ............................................................................41 Using Carbon-11-Thymidine in Evaluating Renal Cancer.......................................................................................41 Research Priorities ...................................................................................................................................................42 References ...............................................................................................................................................................43 Quantitative In Vivo Functional Imaging iii January 6–8, 1999 Planning Committee The U.S. Public Health Service’s Office on Women’s Health and the National Cancer Institute gratefully acknowledge the members of the planning committee, who devoted time and effort