8 The Lord’s Resistance Army in Sudan: A History and Overview By Mareike Schomerus Copyright The Small Arms Survey Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey is an independent research project located at the Grad- uate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. It serves as the © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva 2007 principal source of public information on all aspects of small arms and as a First published in September 2007 resource centre for governments, policy-makers, researchers, and activists. All rights reserved. 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Cartography by MAPgrafix Small Arms Survey Typeset in Optima and Palatino by Richard Jones, Exile: Design & Editorial Graduate Institute of International Studies Services ([email protected]) 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Printed by nbmedia in Geneva, Switzerland Phone: +41 22 908 5777 ISBN 2-8288-0085-7 Fax: +41 22 732 2738 Email: [email protected] Web site: www.smallarmssurvey.org Small Arms Survey HSBA Working Paper 8 Schomerus The Lord’s Resistance Army in Sudan The Human Security Baseline Assessment Contents The Sudan Human Security Baseline Assessment (HSBA) is a three-year research Acronyms and abbreviations ................................................................................................................................................. 6 project (2005–08) administered by the Small Arms Survey. It has been devel- About the author ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 oped in cooperation with the Canadian Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the UN Mission in Sudan, the UN Development Programme, and a wide array of inter- Abstract ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 8 national and Sudanese NGO partners. Through the active generation and dissemination of timely empirical research, the HSBA project works to support I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10 disarmament, demobilization and reintegration (DDR), security sector reform II. The Lord’s Resistance Army/Movement ............................................................................................. 12 (SSR), and arms control interventions to promote security. III. The LRA in Eastern Equatoria ............................................................................................................................ 18 The HSBA is being carried out by a multidisciplinary team of regional, security, and public health specialists. It reviews the spatial distribution of armed vio- The LRA and civilians ...................................................................................................................................................................... 19 lence throughout Sudan and offers policy-relevant advice to redress insecurity. Areas of control ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 20 LRA command structures .......................................................................................................................................................... 22 HSBA Working Papers are timely and user-friendly reports on current research activities in English and Arabic. Future papers will focus on a variety of issues, IV. Allies and enemies ................................................................................................................................................................... 24 including victimization and perceptions of security, armed groups, and local The Government of Sudan ....................................................................................................................................................... 24 security arrangements. The project also generates a series of Issue Briefs. The SPLM/A ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 28 The HSBA project is supported by Canada, the UK Government Global Con- The UPDF in Sudan ............................................................................................................................................................................. 28 flict Prevention Pool, the Danish International Development Agency (Danida), Other armed groups ............................................................................................................................................................................ 32 and the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. For more information contact: V. The Juba Peace Talks .............................................................................................................................................................. 34 Claire Mc Evoy VI. Access to weapons ................................................................................................................................................................... 41 HSBA Project Coordinator Types, stockpiles, and command of arms ........................................................................................................ 41 Small Arms Survey, 47 Avenue Blanc Arms transfers .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 43 1202 Geneva, Switzerland VII. Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 45 E-mail: [email protected] Web site: www.smallarmssurvey.org/sudan Endnotes ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 48 HSBA Working Paper series editor: Emile LeBrun Bibliography .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 51 Small Arms Survey HSBA Working Paper 8 Schomerus The Lord’s Resistance Army in Sudan Acronyms and abbreviations About the author CAR Central African Republic Mareike Schomerus is a doctoral candidate at the Development Studies Insti- CoH Cessation of Hostilities tute (DESTIN) at the London School of Economics. Her research on northern CHMT Cessation of Hostilities Monitoring Team Uganda and southern Sudan has included reports for UNICEF, USAID, and CPA Comprehensive Peace Agreement the Minority Rights Group International. During the ongoing peace talks DDR disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration between the Government of Uganda and the Lord’s Resistance Army, she is DRC Democratic Republic of the Congo advising local peace building teams in Western and Eastern Equatoria under EDF Equatorian Defence Force the auspices of Pact Sudan. GPMG General Purpose Machine Gun Having trained as a journalist at Columbia University’s Graduate School of GoS Government of Sudan Journalism, Schomerus spent 15 years working for major international broad- GoSS Government of South Sudan casters in Germany, the United States, and the United Kingdom. She is a direc- ICC International Criminal Court tor and producer of documentaries screened on the French–German channel LRA/M Lord’s Resistance Army/Movement ARTE and the German channel ARD. MONUC United Nations Mission in