Mining Metallurgy Coal Shipbuilding E John Cabot Bristol fishermen O Tin was mined in 1496 H7 sponsored the Exported little as most coal Invested in the Portsmouth x Sponsored John Cabot’s Forced out of Icelandic t Cornwall. building of a blast furnace was used domestically or dry dock but did little for the p voyage to the American waters by the Hanseatic h Lead in the Pennines. in Kent as part of a smelting for lime-burning & iron navy which declined to just l continent in 1497. League they looked for e Coal in Northumberland works to make weapons for smelting. 5 ships during his reign. o Cabot was rewarded new fishing grounds. r and Durham. the Scottish war. By 1508-9 20% of Peaceful FP meant navy r with a pension. Found an area near Germany was superior in Newcastle’s export trade not needed, however. a Sponsored another newfoundland. I metallurgy and mining. was in coal much was t voyage in 1498 but H7 visited Bristol in 1486 n shipped to London for i Cabot never returned. and 1496 so new of d industries there. Small o Sponsored Sebastian these discoveries. u export trade to Germany & n Cabot in 1508. H7 ECONOMY s Netherlands. t r i e s How many employed Arable Farming Sheep Farming Other animals Bad Harvests Open-field husbandry Enclosure 90% of population Profitability of arable farming Growth in cloth industry Some horse farming and Harvest determined Under the open-field system Enclosure- rearranging A were peasants living declined causing many to encouraged enclosure, dairy farming but limited. abundant food or starvation peasants enjoyed common open fields into field g off the land and switch to sheep farming in the engrossing and changing & disease. rights to land allowing them to separated by hedge or ri struggling for survival 1480s and 1490s. from arable to sheep 1495 >>>> 1496-9 average graze animals on land to fences. It ended c – subsistence farming. 1490s>>>> supplement their income. common rights to land. u agriculture. 1500-1503 <<<< Led to rural de- lt Peasants had to pay 1504-9 >> population as less labour u rents, tithes and taxes. Fluctuations determined intensive 1488 & 1489 r prices for basic food & Acts against enclosure. e impacted size of the Engrossing: combining population & condition of small farms into one the people. large unit with 1 owner. Importance? Raw Wool Fulling and dying Expansion & Prosperity Merchants of the Staple Merchant Adventurers Hanseatic League C 90% of exports. Decline in export of raw wool Developed as wool export The growing profitability of In decline as main export Founded in 1407 and The export of cloth by the l Cottage-industry – before H7, continued. replaced by cloth which wool encouraged farmers to raw wool. dominated by mercers from Hansa merchants o took place in people’s required fulling and dyeing. enclose or engross farms. Exported raw wool through the City of London. increased 5x between t homes and Offered rural employment Wool was used to clothe Calais. In ascendancy as main export 1400 7 1500. h supplemented income to supplement agricultural everyone but new markets finished cloth. 1487 H7 banned the T from farming. incomes. in Antwerp meant the Used by H7 to limit the trading export of finished cloth by r Estimated 60% English were clothing rights of the Hansa. foreign merchants. a increase in cloth Germans and eastern Could influence the Crown 1489 ended the Hansa’s d exports 1485-1509. Europeans. and were powerful in the privilege in exporting e Employed 1.3% of Merchant Clothiers creation of Intercursus bullion from England. population fulltime. arranged the collection & Magnus and Malus. Ended restrictions in Part-time work for sale of cloth, thread and Most powerful business 1504 when he needed many more. wool. organisation during H7’s Hansa support to gain reign. Ear of Suffolk. T Crown’s approach Sectional Interests Trade Embargo Intercursus Magnus 1496 Intercursus Malus 1506 Other Countries Navigation Acts r Little consistency. H7 passed 50 statutes to do 90-95% of trade was Signed with Philip of Part of the Treaty of 1487 – France placed trade 1485 & 1489 specified a Was interested in with economy but most were internal – road network Burgundy after support for Windsor. Gave the English restriction after H7 backed English ships & crew had d maximising customs promoted by sectional groups extensive . Warbeck withdrawn. Free such trade privileges that Breton – reduced as part of to be used in certain e revenue – would such as merchant from the 1493 embargo due to HRE trade throughout Burgundy, the Burgundians did not Etaples. 1495 – all trades. L sacrifice this for City of London. support of Warbeck. except in Flanders. honour it. restrictions ended. Limited success – by a dynastic ends, Economically damaging 1509 1/2/ trade carried w however. and politically unnecessary. out by foreign ships. s & T r e a ti e s Coinage Prosperity and Depression Living Standards Reformed coinage for economic & political reasons. Introduced Temporary price rise in the 1480s, otherwise prices remained steady. Population growth – 1430 2.1 million, 1522 2.3 million – new denominations in gold & silver & new designs including the Decline in the export price of wool 7 grain in 1490s may seem small but the beginning of a population shilling with his portrait. Building workers and agricultural labourers better off in 1490s than they would be for rest explosion that would reach 5.2 million by 1640. of Tudor period. .