Popular Music Exhibitions in Portugal: Practices of Representation from 2007 to 2013

Popular Music Exhibitions in Portugal: Practices of Representation from 2007 to 2013

POPULAR MUSIC EXHIBITIONS IN PORTUGAL: PRACTICES OF REPRESENTATION FROM 2007 TO 2013 Alcina Maria de Oliveira Cortez Mota Dissertation in Musicology, in the area of Ethnomusicology December 2014 1 Dissertation presented in compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Musicology, in the area of Ethnomusicology, conducted under the supervision of Professor Salwa El-Shawan Castelo-Branco. I II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Acknowledgements I have greatly benefited from the research, thinking, and contributions of others over the course of this project. I would especially like to thank Professor Salwa Castelo-Branco, my supervisor, for their guidance and helpful feedback throughout: for her accurate and efficient insights and corrections and her inspiring professional seriousness. I am also very grateful for the generosity of Professor Carlos Gouveia who has so kindly taught me everything about Discourse Analysis, which I believe is a fundamental methodology in this dissertation. Special thanks to Rachel Evans who has insightfully helped me proofread my text. My gratitude is also extended to the various exhibition curators and museum professionals that have kindly given me some of their time so that I could explore the contours of recent exhibiting of popular music in Portugal. I am also indebted to the many authors whose work I review in this study and which contributes substantially to the present discussion; special mention goes to Marion Leonard whose work has inspired my own research questions, and to Louise Ravelli for her clarity and wisdom about writing and interpreting museum texts. Last but not least, my special thanks to my friend Orlando for his longstanding friendship and encouragement, and heartfelt appreciation to my husband for his love and support and to my kids, Laura and João, for their patience, love and beautiful smiles. III IV POPULAR MUSIC EXHIBITIONS IN PORTUGAL: PRACTICES OF REPRESENTATION FROM 2007 TO 2013 ALCINA MARIA DE OLIVEIRA CORTEZ MOTA ABSTRACT KEY WORDS: Portugal, popular music, pop-rock exhibitions, museums, museum narratives This thesis focuses on the representation of Popular Music in museums by mapping, analyzing, and characterizing its practices in Portugal at the beginning of the 21st century. Now that museums' ability to shape public discourse is acknowledged, the examination of popular music's discourses in museums is of the utmost importance for Ethnomusicology and Popular Music Studies as well as for Museum Studies. The concept of 'heritage' is at the heart of this processes. The study was designed with the aim of moving the exhibiting of popular music in museums forward through a qualitative inquiry of case studies. Data collection involved surveying pop-rock music exhibitions as a qualitative sampling of popular music exhibitions in Portugal from 2007 to 2013. Two of these exhibitions were selected as case studies: No Tempo do Gira-Discos: Um Percurso pela Produção Fonográfica Portuguesa at the Museu da Música in Lisbon in 2007 (also Faculdade de Letras, 2009), and A Magia do Vinil, a Música que Mudou a Sociedade at the Oficina da Cultura in Almada in 2008 (and several other venues, from 2009 to 2013). Two specific domains were observed: popular music exhibitions as instances of museum practice and museum professionals. The first domain encompasses analyzing the types of objects selected for exhibition; the interactive museum practices fostered by the exhibitions; the concepts and narratives used to address popular music discursively, as well as the interpretative practices they allow. The second domain, focuses museum professionals and curators of popular music exhibitions as members of a group, namely their goals, motivations and perspectives. V The theoretical frameworks adopted were drawn from the fields of ethnomusicology, popular music studies, and museum studies. The written materials of the exhibitions were subjected of methods of discourse analysis methods. Semi-structured interviews with curators and museum professional were also conducted and analysed. From the museum studies perspective, the study research suggests that the practice adopted by popular music museums largely matches that of conventional museums. From the ethnomusicological and popular music studies stand point, the two case studies reveal two distinct conceptual worlds: the first exhibition, curated by an academic and an independent researcher, points to a mental configuration where popular music is explained through a framework of genres supported by different musical practices. Moreover, it is industry actors such as decision makers and gatekeepers that govern popular music, which implies that the visitors' romantic conception of the musician is to some extent dismantled; the second exhibition, curated by a record collector and specialist, is based on a more conventional process of the everyday historical speech that encodes a mismatch between “good” and “bad music”. Data generated by a survey shows that only one curator, in fact that of my first case study, has an academic background. The backgrounds of all the others are in some way similar to the curator of the second case study. Therefore, I conclude that the second case study best conveys the current practice of exhibiting Popular Music in Portugal. VI EXPOSIÇÕES SOBRE MÚSICA POPULAR EM PORTUGAL: PRÁTICAS DE REPRESENTAÇÃO ENTRE 2007 E 2013 ALCINA MARIA DE OLIVEIRA CORTEZ MOTA SUMÁRIO PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Portugal, música popular, pop-rock, exposições, museus, narrativas museológicas Esta dissertação aborda a representação da música popular pelos museus em Portugal no início do século XXI, através do levantamento, análise e caracterização das suas práticas. Sendo atualmente reconhecida a capacidade que os museus têm para influenciar o conhecimento e os discursos públicos, torna-se primordial para a etnomusicologia, para os estudos de música popular e para a museologia examinar os discursos que estes produzem sobre a música popular. No centro deste processo, está o conceito de património. O estudo foi concebido com vista a dinamizar a prática de expor sobre música popular, através da análise de estudos de caso. Foi realizado um levantamento das exposições sobre o género pop-rock que tiveram lugar em Portugal entre 2007 e 2013, entendido como uma amostra representativa das exposições de música popular. Deste levantamento, foram selecionadas duas exposições como estudos de caso: No Tempo do Gira-Discos: Um Percurso pela Produção Fonográfica Portuguesa, Museu da Música em Lisboa, 2007 (e também Faculdade de Letras, 2009), e A Magia do Vinil, a Música que Mudou a Sociedade, Oficina da Cultura, Almada, 2008 (reeditada em diversos locais até 2013). Dois domínios constituíram matéria de observação: por um lado, as exposições de música popular enquanto instanciações de prática museológica, através da análise do tipo de VII objetos selecionado para exposição, das práticas interativas fomentadas pelas exposições, dos conceitos e das narrativas utilizadas para representar a música popular discursivamente, bem como as práticas interpretativas que estas favorecem; por outro lado, o estudo dos profissionais de museus e curadores de música popular enquanto membros de um grupo, através da caracterização dos seus objectivos e perspectivas. A etnomusicologia, os estudos de música popular e a museologia constituem o quadro teórico adoptado para a análise de três discursos narrativos: escrito, visual e sónico. Estes, foram analisadas pela perspectiva da análise do discurso e através de entrevistas com curadores e profissionais de museus. Do ponto de vista da museologia, os estudos de caso sugerem que a prática adoptada para a representação da música popular é similar à prática convencional da generalidade dos museus. Do ponto de vista da etnomusicologia e dos estudos de música popular, os dois estudos de caso apontam para mundos conceptuais distintos: a primeira exposição, com curadoria de um investigador independente e de uma académico, sugere uma configuração em que a música popular é interpretada e segmentada com base nas suas diferentes práticas. É ainda conferido destaque ao papel da indústria que, através dos gestores das editoras e dos gatekeepers, condiciona os repertórios musicais. Esta concepção pressupõe o desmantelamento do conceito romântico do músico; a segunda exposição, com curadoria de um colecionador e especialista, sugere um discurso interpretativo mais vulgar em que a música é entendida através de um contraste entre a "boa" e a "má" música. O levantamento geral das exposições de pop-rock que tiveram lugar em Portugal mostra que apenas um curador, de facto o do primeiro estudo de caso analisado, tem um enquadramento universitário. Todos os outros curadores estão de alguma forma próximos do curador do segundo estudo de caso. Conclui-se assim que o segundo estudo de caso representa de forma mais significativa a prática currente de expor sobre temas da música popular em Portugal. VIII CONTENTS CHAPTER I – INTRODUCTION 1 1. MOTIVATION 1 2. RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND RELEVANCE 2 3. TEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 4 3.1. CONCEPTS AND DISCILINARY PERSPECTIVES 4 3.1.1. POPULAR MUSIC 5 3.1.2. HERITAGE 7 3.1.3. POPULAR MUSIC AS HERITAGE 9 3.1.4. ETHNOMUSICOLOGY, POPULAR MUSIC STUDIES, AND 11 MUSEUM STUDIES 4. METHODOLOGY 11 4.1. DISCOURSE ANALYSIS 13 4.2. ANALITICAL CONCEPTS 14 5. STATE OF THE ART 20 CHAPTER II – EXHIBITING POPULAR MUSIC IN PORTUGAL: 23 “NO TEMPO DO GIRADISCOS: UM PERCURSO PELA PRODUÇÃO FONOGRÁFICA PORTUGUESA” 1. WRITTEN NARRATIVE 31 1.1. NARRATIVE GENRE IN

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