HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE. H TRANSACTIONS OF THE HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE VOL. 116 TRANSACTIONS OF THE HISTORIC SOCIETY OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE FOR THE YEAR 1964 VOLUME 116 LIVERPOOL PRINTED FOR THE SOCIETY 1965 Made and Printed in Great Britain by C. Tinling & Co. Ltd., Liverpool, London and Prescol. EDITORIAL NOTE None of the papers in this volume is concerned with events prior to 1700, and four of the longest deal with industrial and commercial history. This will disappoint some members and gratify others, but it should surprise nobody. The contents of each annual volume is largely determined by the lecture pro­ gramme of the previous session, which in turn reflects the current interest of researchers; and the growth of industrial Lancashire and Cheshire, with the development of the com­ mercial centres of Liverpool and Chester, is particularly attractive to several of our most active historians. We hope, however, that their admirable enthusiasm will not deter workers in other fields from presenting papers to our Society. The Council is grateful to Mr. D. Anderson, Mr. B. G. Awty, Mr. C. D. Gullick, Mr. M. M. Schofield and the University of Liverpool for contributing to the cost of illus­ trating this volume, and, once again, to Mr. and Mrs. P. S. H. Garlick for indexing it. August 1965 J. J. BAGLEY The University, JAMES MURPHY Liverpool Honorary Editors The Council wishes it to be known that authors alone are responsible for the opinions and statements in their several papers. Contributors to these TRANSACTIONS are advised to write to one of the Honorary Editors. Members who wish to read papers should write to the Honorary Secretary. CONTENTS PAGE COUNCIL AND OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1965 .. .. xi AFFILIATED SOCIETIES .. .. .. .. .. xii HONORARY MEMBERS .. .. .. .. .. xii LIST OF MEMBERS .. .. .. .. .. .. xiii PAPERS DEUS NO BIS H/EC OTIA FECIT. By Stanley A. Harris, A.C.I.S. .. ,. .. .. .. 1 BACKBARROW AND PENNYBRIDGE FURNACE ACCOUNTS, 1763-80. By Brian G. Awty, B.A. .. .. 19 SHIPPING AND SHIPBUILDING IN THE PORT OF CHESTER IN THE EIGHTEENTH AND EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURIES. By Robert Craig .. .. .. 39 BLUNDELL'S COLLIERIES: THE PROGRESS OF THE BUSINESS. By D. Anderson, F.G.S., M.I.Min.E., A.R.f.C.S. .. 69 THE VIRGINIA TRADE OF THE FIRM OF SPARLING AND BOLDEN, OF LIVERPOOL, 1788-99. By M. M. Schofiekl, M.A. .. .. .. .. .. 117 THE RISE OF PUBLIC ELEMENTARY EDUCATION IN LIVER­ POOL: PART ONE, 1784-1818. By James Murphy, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.Hist.S. .. .. .. .. 167 A PROPOSED SURVEY OF LANCASHIRE BY FRANCIS AND NETLAM GILES. By J. B. Harley, B.A., Ph.D. .. 197 CHILDREN'S GAMES AND JINGLES IN LANCASHIRE ABOUT 1900. By Alfred Gaskell .. .. .. .. 207 Vlll CONTENTS SHORTER PAPERS PAGE CROSSES IN CROSBY AND DISTRICT. By Frank Tyrer, M.A.,B.Sc. .. .. .. .. .. .. 225 THE FOUNDING OF AN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY NEWS­ PAPER. By J. R. Harris, M.A., Ph.D., and B. L. Anderson, B.A. .. .. .. .. .. 229 GEORGE LYON HIGHWAYMAN? By Allan Miller, B.A. 235 NEW BOOKS .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 243 REPORT OF THE COUNCIL .. .. .. .. .. 246 REPORT OF THE HONORARY LIBRARIANS .. .. .. 247 REPORT OF THE HONORARY TREASURER .. .. .. 248 INDEX .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 249 LIST OF PLATES PLATE PAGE 1 PEMBERTON COLLIERY, 1931 .. .. .. .. 70 2 BRYAN BLUNDELL .. .. .. .. .. 72 3 JONATHAN BLUNDELL .. .. .. .. 73 4 HENRY BLUNDELL HOLLINSHEAD .. .. .. 79 5 RICHARD B. B. H. BLUNDELL .. .. .. 81 6 HENRY B. H. BLUNDELL .. .. .. .. 84 7 HENRY B. H. BLUNDELL A PORTRAIT CARVED IN CANNEL .. .. .. .. .. .. 85 8 THE PEMBERTON .. .. .. .. .. 90 9 BEATRICE B. H. BLUNDELL .. .. .. .. 94 10 HIGHFIELD MEMORIAL CHURCH .. .. .. 95 11 PRIZE-WINNING EXHIBITS AT WIGAN CARNIVAL .. 96 12 CUTHBERT L. B. H. BLUNDELL . .. .. 100 13 MEMORIAL SCREEN IN HIGHFIELD CHURCH. .. 104 14 JOHN SPARLING .. .. .. .. .. 119 15 WILLIAM SPARLING .. .. .. .. .. 163 16 ST. DOMINGO HOUSE, 1839 .. .. .. .. 164 17 THE OLD CHURCH SCHOOL, LIVERPOOL .. A 178 18 ST. JAMES'S SCHOOL .. .. .. .. -..'' 182 19 THE WELSH CHARITY SCHOOL .. .. .. 183 20 PROPOSALS (1816) FOR GREENWOOD'S MAP OF LANCA­ SHIRE . .. .. .. .. .. 199 21 PROPOSALS FOR GILES'S MAP OF LANCASHIRE, 1816 202-3 22 PART OF GREENWOOD'S MAP .. .. .. 205 23 GEORGE LYON .. .. .. .. .. .. 236 LINE ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE PAGE 1 BACKBARROW FURNACE GRAPHS .. .. .. 24 2 PENNYBRIDGE FURNACE GRAPHS .. .. .. 25 3 COLLIERIES IN THE WIGAN AREA .. .. .. 76 4 COLLIERIES IN THE CHORLEY AREA .. .. .. 77 5 Box WAGON IN USE AT PEMBERTON COLLIERIES, 1880-90 .. .. .. .. .. .. 98 COUNCIL AND OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR 1965 Hon. President. THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF DERBY, M.C., LL.D. Hon. Vice-President. THE RIGHT HON. THE EARL OF SEFTON. D.L., J.P. Council. President. W. G. H. JONES Vice-Presidents. B. B. B. BENAS, C.B.E., B.A., LL.M., J.P. G. W. COOPLAND, M.A., Litt.D. J. F. SMITH, M.A., F.R.S.A., F.S.A.Scot. G. BARRACLOUGH, M.A. S. A. HARRIS, A.C.I.S. E. C. WOODS, L.D.S., R.C.S.,Eng., F.R.Hist.S. J. J. BAGLEY, M.A., F.R.Hist.S. D. L. EVANS. Members of Council. To serve to end of 1965. M. M. SCHOFIELD, M.A. J. R. HARRIS, M.A., Ph.D. JOHN BLACKBURN W. R. S. McINTYRE To serve to end of 1966. FREDERICK G. BLAIR, M.A., F.S.A. D. B. QUINN, D.Lit., F.R.Hist.S. Mrs. D. BAILEY, B.A. C. N. L. BROOKE, M.A., F.R.Hist.S. To serve to end of 1967. Miss W. JONES, B.A. A. R. MYERS, M.A., Ph.D., F.S.A., F.R.Hist.S. THOMAS WILLIAMS. B. C. REDWOOD, M.A. Officers. Joint Hon. Treasurers. W. G. H. JONES, 11, WROXHAM DRIVE, UPTON, WIRRAL, CHESHIRE. CHARLES R. AMBLER, 21, HAMILTON ROAD, WALLASEY. Joint Hon. Editors. J. J. BAGLEY, M.A., F.R.Hist.S., 10, BEACH PRIORY GARDENS, SOUTHPORT. J. MURPHY, M.A., Ph.D., F.R.Hist.S., 1, FUNCHAL AVENUE, FORMBY, LIVERPOOL. Hon. Librarian. G. CHANDLER, M.A., Ph.D., F.L.A., DOWSEFIELD LANE, CALDERSTONES, LIVERPOOL, 18. Hon. Assistant Librarian. N. CARRICK, B.A., F.L.A., THE CITY RECORD OFFICE, CENTRAL PUBLIC LIBRARY, WILLIAM BROWN STREET, LIVERPOOL, 3. Hon. Secretary. Miss J. BECK, M.A., OAKDENE, 70, SWANLOW LANE, WINSFORD, CHESHIRE. Hon. Assistant Secretary. Miss P. PLEASANCE, 143, HOUGHTON ROAD, BIRKENHEAD. Hon. Auditor. K. CLIFFORD COOK, F.C.A. xi AFFILIATED SOCIETIES THE BROMBOROUGH SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Mrs. J. D. Jones, 6, Western Avenue, New Ferry, Cheshire. CHORLEY AND DISTRICT ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Mrs. S. E. Robinson, 79, Babylon Lane, Chorley. CROSBY AND DISTRICT HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Miss W. Jones, B.A., 164, Liverpool Road, Lydiate. THE ENGLISH CHURCH HISTORY SOCIETY, LIVERPOOL. President. F. Goodacre, M.A., 68, Irby Road, Heswall, Wirral. THE FORMBY SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Miss B. M. Lindsay, Berwyn, King's Road, Formby. THE FYLDE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. M. Roe, 204, Clifton Drive South, St. Annes-on-Sea. THE GARSTANG HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Mrs. J. Swarbrick, Gledale, Moss Lane, Garstang. HOYLAKE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Mrs. J. E. Jones, 66, Manor Road, Hoylake. HUYTON-WITH-ROBY HISTORIC SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. R. Capper, B.E.M., 238, Kingsway, Huyton-with-Roby. LIVERPOOL NAUTICAL RESEARCH SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. E. W. Paget-Tomlinson, Alexandra Court Hotel, 28, Alexandra Drive, Liverpool, 17. LONSDALE HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. A. Holding, 16, Springfield Street, Lancaster. ORMSKIRK HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Joint Hon. Sees. W. H. Ray, "Strathnaver", Town Green Lane, Aughton, Nr. Ormskirk. N. Forshaw, 34, Whalley Drive, Aughton, Nr. Ormskirk. PILLING AND DISTRICT HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Mrs. D. Coggin, "Bimsons", Wheel Lane, Pilling. PRESCOT HISTORIC SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Mrs. D. Bailey, 19, Stanley Crescent, Prescot, Lanes. PRESTON HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. James Roe, 13, Ardee Road, Broadgate, Preston, Lanes. SOUTHPORT LOCAL HISTORY SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. J. Gavin, St. Teresa's School, Southport. WARRINGTON AND DISTRICT ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. R. Burns, 33, Lambs Lane, Paddington, Warrington. WIDNES HISTORIC SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. Miss Hilda Chadwick, 24, Woodland Avenue, Widnes. WIGAN AND DISTRICT HISTORIC AND ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. Hon. Sec. W. H. Taylor, 26, Swinley Road, Wigan, Lanes. HONORARY MEMBERS 1936. Jan. 30. Evans, Miss Joan, D.LITT., c/o Society of Antiquaries, London 1942. Oct. 7. Stenton, Professor Sir Frank, M.A., D.LITT., LITT.D., F.B.A. The University, Reading. LIST OF MEMBERS (Corrected to 1 March 1965) The names of life members are printed in bold type. DATE OF ELECTION. 1961. Mar. 2. ALGER, Rev. Brendan, St. Edmund's House, Mount Pleasant, Cambridge. 1952. Sept. 18. ALLAN, D. T., The Nook, Fulwood Park, Liverpool, 17. 1960. Mar. 31. ALLEN, Mrs. Maisie, 25, Denstone Avenue, Bispham, Black­ pool. 1949. Mar. 31. ALLEN, G. E. H., 51, Bradford Street, Haulgh, Bolton. 1940. April 4. ALLISON, John, M.A., 14, Cambridge Road, Prenton, Birken- head. 1952. Feb. 21. AMBLER, Charles R., 21, Hamilton Road, Wallasey. (Joint Hon. Treasurer.) F 1962. Sept. 20. AMBLER, Mrs. Charles R., 21, Hamilton Road, Wallasey. 1948. Nov. 18. ANDERSON, D., Greenslades, Tanfield Nook, Parbold, near Wigan. 1964. Jan. 16. ANDREWS, A. W., 10, Cooper Close, Liverpool, 19. 1951. Feb. 15. ANGUS-BUTTERWORTH, L. M., M.A., M.I.Mech.E., F.S.A. Scot, Ashton New Hall, Ashton-on-Mersey, Cheshire. 1961. Sept. 21. ARNOLD, John Philip, "Newstead", 33, Buxton Old Road, Macclesfield. 1964. Sept. 17. ASHBY, Mrs. Alta Rigby, Box 158, Detah, Utah, U.S.A. 1954. Mar. 18. ASHMORE, Owen, M.A., 5, Flowery Fields, Woodsmoor, Stock- port. 1964. Dec. 10. ATHERTON, J., 16, Beechtree Road, Liverpool, 15. 1958. July 1. AWTY, B. G., B.A., 217, Brixton Road, London, S.W.9. 1945. Nov. 24. BAGLEY, J. J., M.A., F.R.Hist.s., 10, Beach Priory Gardens, Southport.