Missouri , Historical Tfcpiew fublhhed by mdsussm April 1946 OFFICERS OF THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI, 1945-1948 ISIDOR LOEB, St. Louis, President GEORGE ROBB ELLISON, Maryville, First Vice-President HENRY C. CHILES, Lexington, Second Vice-President RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau, Third Vice-President HENRY A. BUNDSCHU, Independence, Fourth Vice-President RAY V. DENSLOW, Trenton, Fifth Vice-President LUDWIG FUERBRINGER, St. Louis, Sixth Vice-President R. B. PRICE, Columbia, Treasurer FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER, Columbia, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES OF THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF s MISSOURI Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society ALLEN MCREYNOLDS, Carthage GEORGE A. PVOZIER, Jefferson City WILLIAM SOUTHERN, JR., Independence Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1946 JESSE W. BARRETT, St. Louis JAMES TODD, Moberly ALBERT M. CLARK, Richmond JONAS VILES, Columbia HENRY J. HASKELL, Kansas City T. BALLARD WATTERS, Marshfield WILLIAM R. PAINTER, Carrollton L. M. WHITE, Mexico JOSEPH PULITZER, St. Louis Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1947 FRANK P. BRIGGS, Macon *FREDERICK M. SMITH, Independence STEPHEN B. HUNTER, Cape Girar- E. E. SWAIN, Kirksville deau R. M. THOMSON, St. Charles WALDO P. JOHNSON, Clinton ROY D. WILLIAMS, Boonvillej- E. LANSING RAY, St. Louis Term Expires at Annual Meeting, 1948 ; •MORRIS ANDERSON, Hannibal HENRY C. THOMPSON, Bonne Terre LUDWIG FUERBRINGER, St. Louis WILLIAM L. VANDB.VBNTER, Spring- PAUL C. JONES, Kennett field LAURENCE J. KENNY, S. J., GEORGE H. WILLIAMS, St. Louis St. Louis CHARLES L. WOODS, Rolla HENRY KRUG, JR., St. Joseph EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-nine trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, and President of the University of Missouri constitute the Executive Committee. •Deceased <J)(Cissouri Historical Tfeviezv Floyd Q, Shoemaker, Editor 'Volume XL V^(umber Three zApril 1946 •rfSS^ The Missouri Historical Review is published quarterly. It is sent free to all members of the State Historical Society of Missouri. Membership dues in the Society are S1.00 a year. All communica­ tions should be addressed to Floyd C. Shoemaker, the State His­ torical Society of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. The Society assumes no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. "Entered as second-class matter at the postofflce at Columbia, Missouri, under Act of Congress, October S, 1917, Sec. UZS." 0ontents Page THE CIVIL WAR DIARY OF JOHN T. BUEGEL, UNION SOLDIER. Part I. Translated by William G. Bek 307 MISSOURI LITERATURE SINCE THE FIRST WORJLD WAR. Part II. Drama, Juvenilia, and Non-Fiction. By Minnie M. Brashear. .. 330 GEORGE CALEB BINGHAM'S "ORDER NO. 11." By Dorothy Penn 349 MISSOURI AND THE WAR. By Dorothy Dysart Flynn 358 THE MISSOURI READER: THE FRENCH IN THE VALLEY. Part III. Edited by Dorothy Penn 407 The French Settler 407 Inherent Traits 407 Attitude toward the Indian 412 Religion 416 Education 420 Amusements and Festivals 425 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS 431 Members Active in Increasing Society's Membership 431 New Members of the Society, November 1945-January 1946. 432 Collection of War Data from Servicemen Expands 435 Society Purchases Bingham Landscape 436 Society Microfilms Current Weekly Newspapers 438 New Life Members of the Society 439 Weekly Feature Articles of the Society 439 Activities of County Historical Societies 439 Anniversaries 441 Monuments and Memorials 441 Notes 443 Historical Publications 448 Obituaries 453 MISSOURI HISTORY NOT FOUND IN TEXTBOOKS 459 Mavericks, No Doubt 459 Such Independence! 459 Unto the Least of These 459 Feed the Hungry. : 460 Look Before You Leap 460 Beware of the Hog! 461 A Belligerent Neutral 461 (i) Contents Page Hard Times! Hard Times! 461 No Angels' Wings Furnished 462 Give Us Light 463 Our Meramec Columnist 463 The Eighth of January 464 Missouri Defined 464 Missouri Historical Data in Magazines 466 Illustrations Page GENERAL LYON'S CHARGE AT THE BATTLE OF WILSON'S CREEK. Cover design reproduced from an engraving by F. O. C. Darley. See "The Civil War Diary of John T. Buegel" 307 UNITED STATES VOLUNTEERS ATTACKED BY THE MOB, CORNER OF FIFTH AND WALNUT STREETS, ST. LOUIS, MISSOURI, facing 310 GENERAL FREMONT'S ARMY ON THE MARCH THROUGH SOUTHWESTERN MISSOURI, facing 311 ORDER NO. 11, facing 350 THE FIRST CATHOLIC CHURCH OF ST. LOUIS AND THE PAROCHIAL RESIDENCE, facing 420 THE ACADEMY AT STE. GENEVIEVE, facing 420 (ii) THE CIVIL WAR DIARY OF JOHN T. BUEGEL, UNION SOLDIER PART I TRANSLATED BY WILLIAM G. BEKX Chapter I Three months of service and how I became a soldier in St. Louis, Missouri. When the southern states had declared war against the northern states on April 13, 1861, by the occupation and de­ struction of Fort Sumter in South Carolina, the excitement in the whole country was enormous. All work, indeed all trade came to a sudden cessation. The majority of ordinary folks did not know what it was all about, and what was the meaning of it all—neither did I. On April 14, 1861, President Abraham Lincoln issued his proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers to restore peace and IWILLIAM G. BEK, a native Missourian, is dean of the College of science, liter­ ature and arts, University of North Dakota. His contributions and translations relating to German settlements in the United States place him among the high­ est authorities in this line of historical research. He published in the Missouri Historical Review "A German Communistic Society in Missouri," a history of Bethel, Shelby county, "The Report of Gottfried Duden, 1824-1827," and "The Followers of Duden," appearing during 1908-1909, 1917-1919 and 1919- 1925, respectively. He has translated and presented typewritten copies to the Society of the following: First Journey to North America in the Years 1822 to 182k by Paul Wilhelm, Duke of Wuerttemberg; The Experiences and Adventures of the Stephanites Who Emigrated from Saxony, Their Journey to St. Louis, Their Stay There and the Conditions of Their Colony in Perry County, by C. Heinrich; History of the Washington [Mo.] Turner Society from Its Founding on December 13, 1859; St. Louis in Former Years, by E. D. Kargau; Das Westliche Nord Amerika, by N. Hesse; and the letters of Doctor William G. Kiel, founder of the Bethel communistic society in Shelby county in 1844. The State Historical Society elected Dr. Bek an honorary member in 1938, one of the three such members. John Buegel, born in Mecklenburg, Germany, came to the United States and joined the Union army at the outbreak of the Civil war. Following the war he was a bookkeeper in a St. Louis lumber company, and after his second marriage moved to a farm near Paola, Kansas. Dr. Bek made the translation from the diary kept in German script. The original was presented to the State Historical Society by Buegel's grandson, Dr. Hermann F. Buegel, professor of psychology in the University of North Dakota, as a gift from his mother and sister, Mrs. Amelia Buegel and Mrs. Clara Buegel Anderson, Grand Forks, North Dakota. (307) 308 Missouri Historical Review order in the South. The southerners, however, had long been prepared for a war, and jeered the North which had been completely robbed of all the war materials by the South. In haughty arrogance the South believed to be quite sure of victory. At the same time, it recruited soldiers. It did this in a bold and shameless manner. Those who did not enlist voluntarily were beaten and had mud thrown at them. (This happened to me myself.) Therefore my resolution was reached immediately. In the event that I should have to become a soldier I would enlist in the northern army and stick to the Union. As I have already indicated, all building operations had come to a standstill, other work was also not to be found, moreover, one's very life was in danger. Hovering between fear and hope we spent the days from April 14 to 22. On the morning of April 22, my friend H. Hinzman came to me and persuaded me to go with him to Washington Hall on Second and Elm streets. We went. Having arrived there we found to our great surprise that the large hall was full of young, sturdy Germans. Of course, a good lunch with fine beer was not lacking. Everything gratis. Since we Germans at that time were looked upon as belonging to an unworthy nation, and Americans, old and young, looked upon us with contempt and disdain, we decided, after having listened to some speeches, to sell our skins as dearly as possible. A few days before, two German regiments had already been organized. Immedi­ ately five companies were formed which were to constitute a part of the Third Regiment of Missouri Volunteer Infantry to be commanded by Colonel Franz Siegel. After three cheers for the Union had been given, and "Down with the traitors" had been uttered, and having emptied a few more glasses, we marched through the streets of St. Louis to the arsenal. Upon arriving there the guard (a regular soldier) allowed us to enter unhindered, but would not let us go out again. To our greatest surprise there were already five companies of the Third Regi­ ment there who were drilling diligently. That afternoon we were sworn in and wrere issued rifles and shells. The soldier was now ready for action. In the evening we were served soldier fare—bean soup and crackers. There were no uniforms The Civil War Diary of John T. Buegel 309 available as yet. That night we slept in tents, where we made ourselves as comfortable as possible. On the next morning at half-past five the bugle roused us. At seven o'clock we had coffee and hardtack.