COSEWIC List of Prioritized Crustaceans and Related Groups at Risk in Canada April 2012 Funding provided by Environment Canada OBJECTIVE OF CONTRACT: Develop a prioritized candidate species list of crustaceans and related groups potentially at risk in Canada. This prioritized candidate list will serve as the primary basis for prioritizing crustaceans and related groups for future COSEWIC assessments. PART 1: ANNOTATED LISTS A general assessment of the following crustaceans and related groups listed below: 1. Phoronida – horseshoe worms 2. Pentastomida – tongue worms 3. Symphyla – Symphylans 4. Pauropoda - Pauropods 5. Chilopoda – Centipedes 6. Diplopoda – Millipedes 7. Crustacea – Ostracoda 8. Crustacea – Branchiopoda 9. Crustacea – Maxillopoda 10. Crustacea – Malacostraca PART 2: CANDIDATE SPECIES FORMS: List of 10 of the species in the crustaceans and related groups listed in Part 1 that are most likely to be at risk. Assessment of the species was done using the one page criteria form currently used by COSEWIC in assessing candidate wildlife species PART 3: LIST OF KNOWLEDGEABLE PEOPLE: List of knowledgeable persons (with address, email and phone) with respect to the crustaceans and related groups listed in Part 1 PART4: REFERENCES: List of references with respect to the crustaceans and related groups listed under deliverable (1) as well as a list of general information sources including people and websites as well as primary literature. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1: Annotated lists of crustaceans and related groups ............................................ 5 1. Phoronida- Horseshoe Worms ................................................................................. 5 2. Pentastomida- Tongue Worms ................................................................................. 9 3. Symphyla ............................................................................................................... 11 4. Pauropoda .............................................................................................................. 13 5. Chilopoda ............................................................................................................... 16 6. Diplopoda ............................................................................................................... 21 7. Ostracoda (Seed or Mussel Shrimps) .................................................................... 30 8. Branchiopoda ......................................................................................................... 43 9. Maxillopoda ............................................................................................................ 61 10. Malacostraca ........................................................................................................ 87 PART 2: CANDIDATE SPECIES LIST ......................................................................... 108 Austrotyla borealis Shear ......................................................................................... 108 Branchinecta campestris Lynch ............................................................................... 109 Ornate Fairy Shrimp, Eubranchipus ornatus Holmes ............................................... 111 Leptodora kindtii Focke ............................................................................................ 112 Limnocythere liporeticulata Delorme ........................................................................ 114 Pollicipes polymerus Sowerby .................................................................................. 115 Stygobromus canadensis Holsinger ......................................................................... 117 Stygobromus quatsinensis Holsinger & Shaw .......................................................... 118 Tropocyclops extensus Kiefer .................................................................................. 120 Tubaphe levii Causey ............................................................................................... 121 References ............................................................................................................... 122 PART 3: LIST OF KNOWLEDGEABLE PEOPLE ........................................................ 122 Pauropoda ................................................................................................................ 122 Symphyla ................................................................................................................. 123 Diplopoda ................................................................................................................. 123 Chilopoda ................................................................................................................. 124 Branchiopoda ........................................................................................................... 124 Ostracoda ................................................................................................................. 125 Maxillopoda .............................................................................................................. 126 Malacostraca ............................................................................................................ 127 PART 4: REFERENCES FOR CRUSTACEANS AND RELATED TAXA ..................... 129 Phoronida ................................................................................................................. 129 Pentastomida ........................................................................................................... 130 Pauropoda ................................................................................................................ 130 Symphyla ................................................................................................................. 130 Diplopoda ................................................................................................................. 131 Chilopoda ................................................................................................................. 133 Branchiopoda ........................................................................................................... 133 Ostracoda ................................................................................................................. 137 Maxillopoda .............................................................................................................. 138 Malacostraca ............................................................................................................ 143 Contacts ................................................................................................................... 147 List of Tables Table 1. Taxa of Canadian phoronids showing distribution and status. 0.1 = extirpated, 0.2 = extinct, 1 = at risk, 2 = may be at risk, 3 = sensitive, 4 = secure, 5 = undetermined, 6 = not assessed, 7 = exotic, 8 = accidental. ........................... 8 Table 2. Distribution and status of Pentastomida in Canada. 0.1 = extirpated, 0.2 = extinct, 1 = at risk, 2 = may be at risk, 3 = sensitive, 4 = secure, 5 = undetermined, 6 = not assessed, 7 = exotic, 8 = accidental. ......................... 10 Table 3. Distribution and status of Symphyla in Canada. 0.1 = extirpated, 0.2 = extinct, 1 = at risk, 2 = may be at risk, 3 = sensitive, 4 = secure, 5 = undetermined, 6 = not assessed, 7 = exotic, 8 = accidental. ....................................................... 12 Table 4. Distribution and status of Canadian pauropods. 0.1 = extirpated, 0.2 = extinct, 1 = at risk, 2 = may be at risk, 3 = sensitive, 4 = secure, 5 = undetermined, 6 = not assessed, 7 = exotic, 8 = accidental. ....................................................... 14 Table 5. Distribution and status of Canadian Chilopoda, based on Kevan (1983) and Mercurio (2010). 0.1 = extirpated, 0.2 = extinct, 1 = at risk, 2 = may be at risk, 3 = sensitive, 4 = secure, 5 = undetermined, 6 = not assessed, 7 = exotic, 8 = accidental; * = based on unpublished or unconfirmed accounts; ? = status needs further clarification. For species having several synonyms the currently accepted name as listed by Kevan (1983) or Mercurio (2010) is provided. ... 19 Table 6. Distribution and status of Canadian Diplopoda. 0.1 = extirpated, 0.2 = extinct, 1 = at risk, 2 = may be at risk, 3 = sensitive, 4 = secure, 5 = undetermined, 6 = not assessed, 7 = exotic, 8 = accidental; † = identified pest species. ............ 25 Table 7. Distribution and status of Canadian ostracoda. 0.1 = extirpated, 0.2 = extinct, 1 = at risk, 2 = may be at risk, 3 = sensitive, 4 = secure, 5 = undetermined, 6 = not assessed, 7 = exotic, 8 = accidental; ? = status needs further clarification. .................................................................................................... 35 Table 8. Distribution and status of Canadian branchiopoda. 0.1 = extirpated, 0.2 = extinct, 1 = at risk, 2 = may be at risk, 3 = sensitive, 4 = secure, 5 = undetermined, 6 = not assessed, 7 = exotic, 8 = accidental; ? = status needs further clarification. ........................................................................................ 52 Table 9. Distribution and Status of Canadian Maxillopoda. 0.1 = extirpated, 0.2 = extinct, 1 = at risk, 2 = may be at risk, 3 = sensitive, 4 = secure, 5 = undetermined, 6 = not assessed, 7 = exotic, 8 = accidental; ? = status needs further clarification. .......................................................................................