I EUGENE GARFIELD IN SIITUTE FOR SC IENTIFIC Information@ I J501 MAHKET S1 PHILADELPHIA PA 19104 The Most-Cited Papers of All Time, S(Y 1945-1988. Part 2. The $econd I 100 CiW”on Classics Number 26 June 25, 1990 The second group of 100 most-cited papers in the 1945-1988 Science Citation Index” (SW’ ) is pre- sented. Nineteen Nobel laureates are listed among the 201 authors in this essay, and they account for 15 papsrs. This brings the numbersof Nobel authors and papers to 32 and 28, respectively, through the SCI Top 200. The Journal of Biological Chemistry again is the leader with 14 papers here and 31 overall. Introduction author’s name. Column A gives the num- A few months ago, we identified the 100 ber of citations in the 1945-1988 SCI for most-cited papers in the 1945-1988 Science each paper. Its rank among the top 200 fol- Citation Index@ (SCJ@). I That essay was lows in column B. Column C lists the aver- the first of a series that is planned to cover age amual citations per paper-that is, to- the top 1,000-1,500 papers. The complete tal citations divided by the paper’s age. For list will effectively represent the highest im- papers published prior to 1945, the amual pact articles of modem science, a‘ ‘citation average is calculated over the 44-year cita- elite” drawn from about 175 million cited tion period covered by the 1945-1988 SCI. references in some 15 million source items Column D gives 1988 citations, which can published over the past 44 years. The top indicate whether a paper’s current impact 1,000-1,500 will represent just 0.004 per- is rising or falling against its lifetime cent of the approximately 33 million unique average. publications that were cited from 1945 to Full bibliographic references for each 1988. paper follow the tabular information, An as- Books are not included in this series but terisk indicates that the paper was discussed will be discussed separately in tisture essays. in a Citation Classicm commentary. The Citations to bcmks are less standardized than issue, year, and edition of Current Con- article citations and require time-consuming tents~ (CCQ ) in which the cmrtmentary was editing and verification. Also, books often published appear in parentheses following appear in several editions and languages, the reference. To date, half of the 200 most- and each edition may be cited differently. cited papers have been discussed by the au- It takes considerable effort to unify all of thors themselves in Citation Clussic com- the possible citation variants and identifiable mentaries-50 on papers listed in this study errors. In a future essay, we’ll review the and 51 from Part 1.1 subjeet of citation errors that escape the jour- nal editor’s attention and cannot easily be Tortoises and Harea “corrected” by lS1°’s quality control The oldest paper its Table 1 was published algorithms. in 1924 in the Jourrtal of Biological Chem- isoy. 2 Authored by Donald D. Vats Slyke The Second 100 Most-Cited Papers Ever and James Maffett Neill, The Rockefeller Table 1 presents the second group of 100 Institute for Medical Research, New York, most-cited papers in alphabetic order by first it describes a method for extracting and mea- --- ...... ‘f’able 1: Bibliography of the sscond 100 moskited papers from the SCF, W45-198f3. Papers are arranged alphabetically. A = 1945-1988 citations. B = 1945-1988 rank. C =average number of annual citations. D = 1988 citations. An asterisk (*) indicates that the paper was the subject of a Citation C’ksficm commentary. The issue, year, and edition of the cnmrnentary follow the bibliographic reference. ABC D Biblingrapbic Data 2,887 119 78 74 ●Abell L L, Levy B B, Brndie B B & Kendall F E. A simpliticd methud for the estimation of totaf cholesterol in acmm and demonstration of its specificity. J. Bid. Chem. 195:357-66, 1952. (34/79/LS) 2,393 177 58 53 ●Afdquiat R P. A study of the adrenotrnpic receptors. Amer. J. Hrysiol. 153:586-600, 1948, (45/78) 3,148 102 131 82 Aodrews P. The gel-tiftration behaviour of proteins related to their molecufar weights over a wide range. Biochem. J, 96:595-606, 1%5. 2,493 167 86 74 ●Anton A H & Sayre D F. A study of the factnrs affecting the aluminum oxiderrihydroxyindole procedure for the rmalysia of catecholamirres. J. P60-oL &p. 3?rer. 138:360-75, 1%2. (34/77) 2,264 198 75 248 Armdakabmm O & Scfdfd H O. Some quantitative uses of drug antagonist. BriI. J. Phar?rraco[. 1448-58, 1959. 3,076 106 % 163 Bardeeis J, Cnoper L N & ScbrIeffer J R. Theory of suWrconductivity. fhys. Rev. 108:1175-204, 1957. 2,776 132 121 130 ●Barrer A W, Kirby W M M, Sherris J C & Turck M. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by a standardized sirrgfe disk methnd. Amer. J. Clin. PathoI. 45:493-501, 1966. (321851LS) 2,282 196 761 I ,443 Bednorz J G & Miiffer K A. Possible high Tc superconductivity in the f3a-lx- CU-O system. Z. Phys. B–CorrderIS. Matter 64:189-93, 1986. 2,970 113 248 425 Benton W D & Davis R W. Screening kgt recombinant clones by bybridiratinn to single plaques in situ. Science 1%180-2, 1977. 2,499 166 500 727 ●Berridge M J & Irvine R F. Inositol trisphospharc, a novel aezond messenger in cellular simral transduction. Nature 312:315-21. 1984. (31 /88/LS: 31/88/CM) - 2,549 157 [27 166 *Berry M N & Friend D S. High-yield preparation of isolated rat liver pazenchyrnal celfs, J. Celf Eio/. 43:506-20, 1%9. (3/84/LS) 2,7’64 135 67 81 ●Biuemfre~en N, Purcell E M & Pound R V. Relaxation effects in nuclear magnetic resonance absorption. Phys. Rev. 73:679-712, 1948. (18/77) 3,134 104 261 273 Bofivar F, Rudrigrrez R L, Greene P J, Bethtch M C, Heyneker H L, Buyer H W, Croaa J H & Fakow S. Construction and characterization of new cloning vehicles. II. A multipurpose clnning system, Gene 2:95-113, 1977. 2,447 172 91 150 *Born G V R. Aggregation of bluud plateleta by adenosine diphosphate and its reversal. Nature 194:927-9, 1%2. (37/77) 2,981 112 68 103 ●Bremmser S, Emmett P H & Tefler E. Adsorption of gases in multimolecular Iayera, J. Amer. C’hem. WC. tII:3W-21, 1938. (35/77] 2,737 136 342 615 Burnette W N. ‘‘Westcm bbtting”: electrnplruretic tranafer of proteins from sudium dodecyl srdfate-polyacryhrrride gels to unmodified nitrocelluloae and radiographic detection with antibudy and radioiudinated protein A. And. Biochem. 112:195-203, 1981. 2,264 198 69 46 ●Chance B & Wilfimna G R. The respiratory chairr and oxidarive phosphorylatiorr, Advmr, Errzyrrrd Rekrr. Areas Mol. 17:65-134, 1956. (49/83/L8) 2,871 122 65 129 ●Cbandrm&dmr S. Stochastic problems in physics and satronomy. Rev. Mod. Phys. 15:1-89, 1943. (47189/ET&AS; 47/89/PC&ES) 2,377 181 91 105 Crestfield A M, Moure S & Stein W H. The preparation and enzymatic hydrolysis of reduced and S-carbnxymethyfated proteins. J. Bid. Ch.?m. 238:622-7, 1963. 2,775 133 116 79 Cromer D T. Anomalous dispersion corrections computed from self-consistent field relativistic Dirac-Slater wave functions. Acra Crysrallogr. 18:17-23, 1965, 2,691 141 142 75 ●Cuatrecaaas P. Protein purification by afftity chromatography. J. BioL Chem, 245:3059-65, 1970. (22/80LS) 2,657 144 70 43 Davis B D & MirsgioU E S. Mutants of Ercherichia coli requiring metbionine or vitamin B12. J. Bocreriol. 6tl17-28, 1950. 3,055 109 133 202 *Denhardt D T. A membrane-falter technique for the detection of complementary DNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Corrrrrum.23:641+ 1966. (43/82/LS) 2,353 185 56 25 Diache Z. A new specific color rraction of bexurordc acids. J. BioL Cherri. 167:189-98, 1947. 228 A BC D Bibliographic Data 2,798 128 77 104 Dixon M. The determination of enzyme inhibitor constants, Biochern. J, 55:17CL1, 1953. 2,915 116 112 135 Dodge J T, Mitcbeff C & Hanaharr D J. The preparation and cbemicaf characteristics of hemoglobin-free gtmsts of human erythrucytcs. Arch. Biachem, Biqrhys. 100:119-30, 1963, 2,326 187 80 62 Dole V P & Melnerta H. Micrurfetermination of long-chain fatty acids in plasma and tissues. J, Biol. Chart, 235:2595-9, 1960. 2,367 182 88 58 Fafck B, Hiffavp N-A, TbIeme G & Torp A. Fluorescence of catecbol amines and related compounds cmxfenscd with formaldehyde. J. Hisfadtem, Cytachem. 10348-54, 1%2. 2,790 129 164 152 *Feigbner J P, Robiis E, Guze S B, w~ R A, wi~k~ G & MUOZ R. Diagnostic criteria for uae in psychiatric research. Arch. Gen. Psychiaf. 26:57-63, 1972. (431891S&BS) 2,737 136 62 14 *Frf~e~ T E & Haugen G E. Pyruvic acid. II. The determination Of keto acids in blued and urirre. J. BioL Cherrr. 147:415-42, 1943. (18/85/LS) 2,851 126 124 237 Glowinaki J & Iversen L L. Regional studies of catccholamirres in the rat brain. I. The disposition of [3H] norepitrephrine, [3H] dopamine, arrd [3H] dopa in various regions of the brain. J. Nermochern. 13:655-69, 1966. 2,642 146 147 548 *Grahanr F L & Van der Eb A J. A new technique for the asaay of infectivity of human adenovims 5 DNA. Virology 52:456-67, 1973. (461881LS; 46/88/cM) 2.587 153 216 224 *Gnmatefn M & Htrgnesa D S.