Jørgensen, B.B., D’Hondt, S.L., and Miller, D.J. (Eds.) Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results Volume 201 16. DATA REPORT: MAGNETOSTRATIGRAPHY AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY CORRELATION IN PELAGIC SEDIMENTS, ODP SITE 1225, EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC1 Sachiko Niitsuma,2 Kathryn H. Ford,3 Masao Iwai,4 Shun Chiyonobu,2 and Tokiyuki Sato5 1Niitsuma, S., Ford, K.H., Iwai, M., Chiyonobu, S., and Sato, T., 2006. Data report: Magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy correlation in pelagic ABSTRACT sediments, ODP Site 1225, eastern equatorial Pacific. In Jørgensen, B.B., D’Hondt, S.L., and Miller, D.J. (Eds.), Shipboard investigation of magnetostratigraphy and shore-based in- Proc. ODP, Sci. Results, 201, 1–19 vestigation of diatoms and calcareous nannofossils were used to iden- [Online]. Available from World Wide tify datum events in sedimentary successions collected at Ocean Web: <http://www-odp.tamu.edu/ Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 201 Site 1225. The goal was to extend the publications/201_SR/VOLUME/ CHAPTERS/110.PDF>. [Cited YYYY- magnetic record previously studied at the same site, ODP Leg 138 Site MM-DD] 851, and provide a comprehensive age model for Site 1225. Two high– 2Graduate School of Science, Tohoku magnetic intensity zones at 0–70 and 200–255 meters below seafloor University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan. (mbsf) were correlated with lithologic Subunits IA and IC in Hole Correspondence author: 1225A. Subunit IA (0–70 mbsf) contains the magnetic reversal record [email protected] 3Graduate School of Oceanography, until the Cochiti Subchronozone (3.8 Ma) and has a sedimentation rate University of Rhode Island, South of 1.7 cm/k.y. This agrees with previous work done at Site 851. Subunit Ferry Road, Narragansett RI 02882, IC (200–255 mbsf) was not sampled at Site 851. Diatom and nannofos- USA. sil biostratigraphy constrained this subunit, and we found it to contain 4Department of Natural the magnetic reversal record between Subchrons C4n.2r and C5n.2n Environmental Science, Kochi University, Kochi 780-8520, Japan. (8.6–9.7 Ma), yielding a sedimentation rate of 2.7 cm/k.y. Biostrati- 5Faculty of Engineering and Resource graphy was used to establish the sedimentation rates within Subunits IB Science, Akita University, Akita 010- and ID (70–200 mbsf and 255–300 mbsf, respectively). These subunits 0851, Japan. had higher sedimentation rates (~3.4 cm/k.y.) and coincide with the late Miocene–early Pliocene biogenic bloom event (4.5–7 Ma) and the Initial receipt: 3 January 2005 Acceptance: 1 February 2006 Miocene global cooling trend (10–15 Ma). High biogenic productivity Web publication: 18 May 2006 Ms 201SR-110 S. NIITSUMA ET AL. DATA REPORT: STRATIGRAPHY CORRELATION 2 associated with these subunits resulted in the pyritization of the mag- netic signal. In lithologic Subunit ID, basement flow is another factor that may be altering the magnetic signal; however, the good correlation between the biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy indicates that the magnetic record was locked-in near the seafloor and suggests the age model is robust. INTRODUCTION Site 1225 is located in the eastern equatorial Pacific near the bound- ary between the South Equatorial Current and the North Equatorial Countercurrent west of the East Pacific Rise (Fig. F1). The site lies in the F1. Site locations, p. 10. 20° topographic high created by the rain of biogenic debris from the rela- N tively high productivity equatorial ocean. Site 1225 is adjacent to Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 138 Site 851. The main features of 10° the sedimentary succession were documented during Leg 138 (Ship- NECC Site 851 Site 1225 board Scientific Party, 1992; Pisias, Mayer, Janacek, Palmer-Julson, and 0° van Andel, 1995). However, magnetostratigraphy at Site 1225 was not SEC measured or interpreted below 150 meters below seafloor (mbsf) based 10° on the assumption that diagenesis had destroyed the magnetic signal 20° (Shipboard Scientific Party, 1992). More efficient shipboard measure- S 120°E 110° 100° 90° 80° 70° ments at Site 1225 illustrated a second zone containing magnetic polar- 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Water depth (m) ity below 200 mbsf (Shipboard Scientific Party, 2003). The goal of this project is to refine the chronology of this site using both magnetostrati- graphic and biostratigraphic techniques. METHODS Sampling For the paleomagnetic and biostratigraphic analyses, samples were collected from Holes 1225A and 1225C. From Hole 1225A, all core catcher samples except those from Cores 201-1225A-28X and 29P were collected. The total volume of each core catcher sample was 50 cm3. This volume was subsampled to 10 cm3 for paleontological analyses. These samples were stored at 4°C until analyzed. From Hole 1225C, 29 discrete 7-cm3 samples were collected for paleomagnetic analysis and stored at room temperature. Paleomagnetism A 2G Enterprises superconducting rock magnetometer was used for shipboard pass-through measurements of natural remanent magnetiza- tion (NRM) and alternating-field (AF) demagnetization of split archive halves from the high–magnetic susceptibility intervals (Cores 201- F2. Chronostratigraphy, p. 11. Diatoms Geomagnetic polarity Nannofossils (Barron, 1985a, 1985b; 1225A-1H through 11H and 21H through 34H; 0–90 and 190–300 mbsf, (Cande and Kent, 1995) (Martini, 1971) Baldauf and Iwai, 1995) Epoch Zone Event (Ma) Zone Event (Ma) 0 NN21 F Emiliania huxleyi (0.25) P. n NN20 L Pseudoemiliania lacunosa (0.41) Brunhes L Reticulofenestra asanoi (0.85) doliolus F Gephyrocapsa parallela (0.95) L Nitzschia 0.78 C1 F Reticulofenestra asanoi (1.16) reinholdii (0.62) 1 Jaramillo L large Gephyrocapsa spp. (1.21) respectively) (Shipboard Scientific Party, 2003). An automatic paleo- Pleist. r NN19 LHelicosphaera sellii (1.27) N. F large Gephyrocapsa spp. (1.45) reinholdii F Gephyrocapsa oceanica (1.65) 1.77 n Olduvai F Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica (1.73) 2 LDiscoaster brouweri (1.97) F Pseudoeunotia C2 r Reunion NN18 Matuyama L Discoaster pentaradiatus (2.38) N. doliolus (2.00) NN17 magnetic processor NP2 (Niitsuma and Koyama, 1994) was used to 2.58 L Discoaster surculus (2.54) marina L Nitzschia L Discoaster tamalis (2.74) late jouseae (2.77) 3 n Kaena L Reticulofenestra ampla (2.78) Manmmoth NN16 C2A Gauss 3.58 r N. Pliocene L Reticulofenestra pseudoumbilicus measure NRM and anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) in sam- 4 4.18 L Sphenolithus abies (3.85) (3.85) jouseae Cochiti NN15 n Nunivak NN13-14 L Amaurolithus spp. (4.50) early Sidufjall F Ceratolithus rugosus (4.7) 5 C3 Gilbert Thvera NN12 F Nitzschia ples from Hole 1225C. NRM measurements were made with 10-mT jouseae (5.12) r LDiscoaster quinqueramus (5.6) T. 5.89 6 convexa n Age (Ma) C3A L small Reticulofenestra int. (6.5) r F Thalassiosira stepwise AF demagnetization to 40 mT. ARM was measured with 10-mT convexa (6.57) 6.94 N. 7 n v. aspinosa NN11 miocenica C3B r F Nitzschia 7.43 miocenica s.l. n N. (7.30) 8 porteri steps up to 40 mT AF and a 29-µT steady direct field. The geomagnetic C4 r F Discoaster berggrenii (8.6) L Thalassiosira late 8.70 yabei (8.23) Miocene n NN10A 9 L Reticulofenestra T. pseudoumbilicus yabei C4A r NN10B L Denticulopsis L Discoaster hamatus (9.4) polarity timescale used in this study is the same as that presented by simonsenii (9.45) 9.74 L Actinocyclus 10 NN9 moronensis n (9.76) A. F Discoaster hamatus (10.7) C5 moronensis Cande and Kent (1995; CK95) (Fig. F2). 11 NN8 L Craspedodiscus r L Catinaster coalitus (11.3) C. coscinodiscus middle (11.44) NN7 coscinodiscus 12 S. NIITSUMA ET AL. DATA REPORT: STRATIGRAPHY CORRELATION 3 Diatom Analysis Core catcher samples from Hole 1225A were prepared for diatom analysis using a slide preparation technique modified from Koizumi and Tanimura (1985). Each sample was dried in a 60°C oven for 24 hr. The dried sample (~50 mg) was treated with hydrogen peroxide solu- tion (15% H2O2), decanted, and rinsed with deionized water. This rins- ing and decanting process was repeated until the solution no longer reacted to the H2O2. A 1.0-mL aliquot was taken from the shaken sus- pension and spread evenly onto an 18-mm2 coverslip. The aliquot was diluted with deionized water when the suspension was too concen- trated. The coverslip was oven dried at <40°C and then mounted on a glass slide with mounting medium (refractive index = 1.78). Random field traverses of the slide were examined under the Normarskii differ- ential interference contrast microscope at 630×. Higher magnification (1000×) was also used for taxonomic identification. Relative diatom fre- quencies are designated by one of the following codes (Winter and Iwai, 2002): A = abundant (>10 valves per field of view [FOV]). C=common (>1 valve per FOV). F = few (>1 valve per 10 FOVs and <1 valve per FOV). R = rare (>3 valves per transverse of coverslip and <1 valve per 10 FOVs). + = present (<3 valves per transverse of coverslip, including frag- ments). The diatom zonation used in this study is that of Barron (1985a, 1985b) with a few modifications by Baldauf and Iwai (1995) (Fig. F2). Nannofossil Analysis A total of 32 samples were processed and examined using commonly accepted techniques as described by Stradner and Papp (1961). The slides were examined under an Olympus binocular polarizing micro- scope at a magnification of 1500× with an oil-immersion objective lens. Several thousand coccolith and Discoaster specimens were identified. In addition, 200 specimens were randomly counted to determine relative frequencies and stratigraphic changes of species occurrences. Relative nannofossil frequencies are designated by one of the follow- ing codes (Takayama and Sato, 1987): A = abundant (>32% of the species in the total assemblage). C = common (32%–8%).