Michigan Department of Natural Resources Remedial Action Plan for MkusTIQUE RnrW Area of Concern October 27, 1987 Michigan Department of Natural Resources Surface Water Quality Division Great Lakes and Environmental Assessment Section P.O. Box 30028 Lansing, Michigan 48909 ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to acknowledge Science Applications International Corporation, McLean, Virginia, for preparing the first draft of the Manistique River Remedial Action Plan. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................... INTRODUCTION ............................................. 2.1 Background .......................................... 2.1.1 Great Lakes Water Quality Management ......... 2.2 Purpose ............................................. 2.3 Public Participation ................................ 2.4 Intended Use ........................................ ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING .................................... 3.1 Location ............................................ 3.2 Natural Features .................................... 3.2.1 Hydrology .................................... 3.2.2 Topography ................................... 3.2.3 Soils. Runoff. Erosion ....................... 3.2.4 Limnology .................................... 3.3 Land Uses ........................................... 3.3.1 Urban/Suburban/Residential ................... 3.3.2 Unsewered Areas .............................. 3.3.3 Sewered Areas ................................ 3.3.4 Industrial Land Uses ......................... 3.3.5 Landfills .................................... 3.3.6 Recreational Land Uses ....................... 3.3.7 Agricultural Land Uses ....................... 3.3.8 Wildlife Habitat/Open Space .................. 3.4 Water Uses (Manistique River) ....................... 3.4.1 Fish and Wildlife Habitat .................... 3.4.2 Water Supply ................................. 3.4.3 Commercial and Sport Fishing ................. 3.4.4 Contact Recreation ........................... 3.4.5 Commercial Navigation ........................ 3.4.6 Drainage ..................................... 3.4.7 Waste Disposal ............................... 3.5 Water Uses (Near Shore Lake) ........................ 3.5.1 Fish and Wildlife Habitat .................... 3.5.2 Water Supply ................................. 3.5.3 Commercial and Sport Fishing ................. 3.5.4 Contact Recreation ........................... 3.5.5 Commercial Navigation ........................ 3.5.6 Waste Disposal ............................... 3.6 Water Quality Standards ............................. 3.7 Summary ............................................. 4 . DEFINITION OF THE PROBLEM ................................ 25 4.1 Impaired Uses. Use Attainability. and Specific Concerns ............................................ 25 4.1.1 Eutrophication/Impacts ....................... 25 . 4.1.2 Commercial Fishery and Sports Fishing/Impacts . 25 4.1.3 Public Health Advisories ..................... 25 4.1.4 Beach Closings ............................... 25 4.1.5 Aesthetic Impacts ............................ 25 4.1.6 Biota Impairments ............................ 27 4.2 Major Pollutants of Concern ........................ 4.2.1 Water Quality Contamination ................. 4.2.2 Sediment Contamination ...................... 4.2.3 Biota Contamination ......................... 4.3 Summary ............................................ 5 . POLLUTANT SOURCES AND LOADINGS .......................... 5.1 Point Sources ...................................... 5.1.1 Domestic Sources ............................ 5.1.2 Industrial Sources .......................... 5.2 Intermittent Point Sources ......................... 5.3 Nonpoint Sources ................................... 5.4 Atmospheric Deposition ............................. 5.5 Landfills and Dumpsites ............................ 5.6 Other Sources ...................................... 5.7 Summary ............................................ 6. HISTORICAL RECORD OF REMEDIAL ACTIONS ................... 6.1 Completed Actions .................................. 6.1.1 Manistique Wastewater Treatment Plant ....... 6.1.2 Manistique Papers. Inc ...................... 6.1.3 NPDES Permits ............................... 6.1.4 Sediment Removal ............................ 6.2 Remedial Actions Currently in Progress ............. 6.3 Summary ............................................ 7. DEFINITION OF SPECIFIC GOALS TO RESTORE IMPAIRED USES ... 7.1 Uses to be Restored and Maintained ................. 8. PROGRAMS AND PARTICIPANTS ............................... 8.1 Regulatory and Administrative Programs ............. 8.1.1 Water Quality Management and Standards ...... 8.1.2 Point Source Control ........................ 8.1.3 Hazardous Waste Control Regulations ......... 8.1.4 Hazardous Waste Site Cleanup ................ 8.1.5 Urban Storm Water Pollution Control Efforts . 8.1.6 Nonpoint Source Control Efforts ............. 8.1.7 Spill Control Measures ...................... 8.2 Public Involvement ................................. 8.2.1 Remedial Action Plan Involvement ............ 8.2.2 Water Quality Program ....................... 8.3 Interagency Agreement .............................. 8.3.1 Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement of 1978 . 9 . REMEDIAL ACTION PLANNING ................................ 9.1 Specific Remedial Actions .......................... 10 . LITERATURE CITED ........................................ Appendix A 1976 U.S. EPA Limnological Data ............... Appendix B Manistique WWTP Effluent Data ................. Appendix C Manistique Papers. Inc . Effluent Data ......... Appendix D Public Meeting Summary ........................ Appendix E List of Past Industries Located in the AOC .... LISTS OF TABLES -Table Title Page 3- 1 Waste Disposal Sites in the Manistique River Watershed 20 3-2 Michigan Water Quality Standards, November, 1986, Which Apply to Manistique River AOC 24 4-1 Mean Abundance of Benthic Macroinvertebrates Collected at Seven Stations in the Manistique River 2 8 4-2 Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Manistique River at the Mouth 30 4-3 Concentrations of PCBs, COD, Phenols, Total Solids and Various Heavy Metals in Manistique River Sediments at Manistique 3 1 4-4 Concentrations of PCBs in Manistique River and Manistique Harbor Sediment Samples Collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 34 Concentrations of Heavy Metals in Manistique River and Manistique Harbor Sediments. Samples Collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 35 PCB Concentrations in Manistique River Sediments in the Vicinity of US-2, August 17-18, 1982 37 Sediment PCB Concentrations, Manistique River, 1985 39 PCB Levels in Fish Tissue (mglkg) 40-4 1 Heavy Metal Levels in Edible Portions of Fish Collected from the Manistique River Below the Dam in Manistique, July, 1986 43 NPDES Effluent Limitations for the Manistique WWTP (Outfall 001) 47 NPDES Effluent Limitations for Manistique Papers, Inc. 49 Manistique Papers, Inc. Analysis of Outfalls 004, 006 and Waste Activated Sludge for PCBs, 1985-1986 50-51 PCBs and Heavy Metals in the Leachate from Manistique Papers, Inc. Landfill 53 PCB Concentrations in the Soils Around the Old Deinking Lagoon Site, Manistique Papers, Inc. October 1985 and May 1986 55 5 -6 Soil Boring Analysis for PCBs and the Site of the Old Wastewater Settling Lagoon, Manistique Papers, a December, 1986 58-59 5-7 Soil Boring Analysis for Heavy Metals at the Site of the Old Deinking Wastewater Settling Lagoon, Manistique Papers, December, 1986 60 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Title 3-1 Michigan Counties 3-2 Manistique River Area of Concern 3-3 The Manistique River Drainage Basin 3-4 Schoolcraft County 3-5 Manistique River Channels A-G 3-6 Soils and Topography of Schoolcraft County 3-7 Sampling Locations in Nearshore Water, Lake Michigan, 1976 Sampling Array for the Nearshore Water of Lake Michigan in the Vicinity of Manistique, 1976 Locations of Manistique Papers, The Manistique WWTP, Manistique Marina, and Public Boat Launch within the Manistique River Area of Concern 1987 Fish Consumption Advisory for the Manistique River Area of Concern MDNR Sampling Locations for Water, Sediment, Fish and Benthic Macroinvertebrates in the Manistique River, 1976 EPA Sampling Locations in the Manistique River, 1981 MDOT Sediment Sampling Locations in the Manistique River in the Vicinity of US-21, August 17-18, 1982 PCB Sampling Locations - Sediment, Manistique River, 1985 38 Manistique Area of Concern Point Source Discharge Locat ions 46 PCB Soil Sampling Locations in the Vicinity of the Manistique Papers Old Deinking-Waste Settling Lagoon, 1985 54 Manistique Papers Soil Sampling Locations, 1986 5 7 Michigan Department of Natural Resources Organizational Structure 70 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Manistique River is located in Schoolcraft County in Michigan's central upper peninsula. The river flows from the northeast and discharges into Lake Michigan at the City of Manistique. The upstream boundary of the Area of Concern begins at the dam in Manistique and extends downstream to the Manistique Harbor, a total length of approximately 2.7 km (1.7 miles). The problems within the Area of Concern as identified in the 1985 Report on Great Lakes Water Quality are sediments contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and heavy metals, a fish consumption advisory, and impacted biota (49). Impacts to the biota were first noted in the mid-fifties. These impacts were attributed primarily to deposits of wood fibers and organic