Orchid25 163-180 18.09.18 10:49 Page 163 www.orchidelforge.eu Natural. belges 93 (Orchid. 25) (2012): 163-241 Contribution à la connaissance des Orchidées de l’île d’Icaria (Îles égéennes orientales, Grèce) par Pierre DELFORGE (*) Abstract. DELFORGE, P. - Contribution to the knowledge of the Orchids of the island of Ikaria (East Aegean islands, Greece). After a presentation of the geology, the geomorphology, the cli- mate, the vegetation, and the human impact over the landscape of the island of Ikaria, a review of the past and present studies and research about its orchids is presented. It appears that 26 orchids species were known for Ikaria before 2008 (Table 1). Research on Ikaria in March 2008 has revealed 19 orchid species for the island, bringing their number up to 31 (Table 1). First mentions are made for Ophrys basilissa, O. cinereophila, O. sitiaca s. str., O. pelinaea, and O. parosica var. parosica. Among the 31 species known at the present for the island, 10 are represented by few individuals (Herorchis picta var. caucasica, Himantoglossum comperianum, H. robertianum, Ophrys basilissa, O. phryganae, O. sitiaca s. str., Orchis anthropophora, O. italica, O. quadripunctata, and Paludorchis laxiflora) among which 4, not seen in 2008, are probably sporadic or extinct (Himantoglossum comperianum, Orchis ital- ica, O. quadripunctata, and Paludorchis laxiflora). After carefull examination of “critical” plants as well as photographs, published or not, it appears that numerous old or recent mentions of orchids, made for Ikaria, are questionable or erroneous. All the mentions of O. spruneri, O. ferrum-equinum, O. fuciflora, O. holoserica, O. oestrifera, O. [oestrifera subsp.] bremifera, and O. scolopax concern O. icariensis, a very varied species, probably hybridoge- nous; mentions of O. fusca, O. leucadica and late-flowering O. sitiaca concern O. pelinaea and O. parosica; mention of O. mesaritica concerns occasional hybrids between O. iricolor and O. parosica. A list of 31 species and 34 distribution maps, based on previous localizable records, pub- × lished or not, and on the presence in March 2008 in 44 UTMwgs84 squares of 1 km 1 km, are provided as well as a list of 56 sites prospected during the spring 2008, from March 15 to March 28. Key-Words: Flora of Greece, flora of East Aegean, flora of Ikaria; Orchidaceae, Ophrys basilissa, Ophrys cinereophila, Ophrys icariensis, Ophrys parosica var. parosica, Ophrys pelinaea, Ophrys sitiaca s. str. (*) avenue du Pic Vert 3, B-1640 Rhode-Saint-Genèse E-mail: [email protected] Manuscrit déposé le 5.X.2010, accepté le 2.XI.2012. Les Naturalistes belges, 2012, 93, hors-série - spécial Orchidées n°25 [ISSN: 0028-0801]: 163-241 163 Copyright © 2012 P. Delforge. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. Orchid25 163-180 11 11 2012 15:26 Page 164 Sommaire Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 166 Géomorphologie et géologie ....................................................................................................... 169 Climat.............................................................................................................................................. 171 Végétation ...................................................................................................................................... 172 Histoire ........................................................................................................................................... 173 Occupation humaine et impact sur la végétation .................................................................... 174 Historique des études botaniques concernant les Orchidées à Icaria ................................... 175 Tableau 1. Liste chronologique des mentions d’Orchidées publiées pour Icaria ............... 177 Matériel et méthode ..................................................................................................................... 178 Conditions climatiques de l’hiver et du printemps 2008 en Égée orientale ......................... 178 Remarques sur les espèces observées ou mentionnées d’Icaria ............................................ 179 Cephalanthera Cephalanthera longifolia ................................................................................................... 181 Limodorum Limodorum abortivum ...................................................................................................... 182 Spiranthes Spiranthes spiralis ............................................................................................................. 183 Orchis Section Orchis Orchis anthropophora ....................................................................................................... 184 Orchis italica ..................................................................................................................... 184 Section Masculae Orchis anatolica ................................................................................................................ 185 Orchis quadripunctata [O. ×sezikiana] ............................................................................. 187 Neotinea Neotinea maculata ............................................................................................................ 189 Himantoglossum Himantoglossum comperianum ........................................................................................ 190 Himantoglossum robertianum .......................................................................................... 190 Serapias Serapias parviflora ............................................................................................................ 192 Serapias bergonii................................................................................................................ 193 Serapias orientalis ............................................................................................................. 194 Serapias cordigera ............................................................................................................. 196 Anacamptis Anacamptis pyramidalis var. brachystachys .................................................................... 197 Paludorchis Paludorchis laxiflora ......................................................................................................... 198 Herorchis Herorchis picta var. caucasica ......................................................................................... 199 164 Orchid25 163-180 11 11 2012 15:26 Page 165 Anteriorchis Anteriorchis fragrans ........................................................................................................ 202 Anteriorchis sancta ........................................................................................................... 203 Vermeulenia Vermeulenia papilionacea var. aegaea .............................................................................. 205 Ophrys Section Pseudophrys Ophrys iricolor .................................................................................................................. 206 Ophrys cf. mesaritica ........................................................................................................ 206 [Ophrys fusca, O. leucadica ]............................................................................................. 208 Ophrys parosica ................................................................................................................ 209 Ophrys pelinaea ................................................................................................................. 210 Ophrys cinereophila........................................................................................................... 212 Ophrys sicula .................................................................................................................... 213 Ophrys phryganae ............................................................................................................. 214 Ophrys basilissa ................................................................................................................ 215 Ophrys sitiaca ................................................................................................................... 218 Section Ophrys (Euophrys nom. nud.) Ophrys villosa ................................................................................................................... 220 [Ophrys fuciflora, O. scolopax, O. oestrifera ]................................................................... 221 [Ophrys ferrum-equinum , O. spruneri ] .......................................................................... 221 Ophrys mammosa ............................................................................................................. 221 Ophrys icariensis .............................................................................................................. 222 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................................