Gr 12 Maths – Analytical Geometry GR 12 MATHS AANNAALLYYTTIICCAALL GGEEOOMMEETTRRYY QUESTIONS and ANSWERS Work through the Grade 11 Analytical downloads first to ensure your foundation is solid before attempting Grade 12 Analytical Geometry which includes circles. We wish you the best of luck for your exams. From The Answer Series team Copyright © The Answer Gr 12 Maths – Analytical Geometry: Questions y 15. PRQ is a tangent to the circle with 18. In the accompanying figure, y centre O at the point R(6; -2). the circle with the centre at the ANALYTICAL GEOMETRY origin passes through the point Q O x 15.1 Calculate the equation of Q ()-2 3; -2 T and cuts the P 15.1.1 the circle. (2) R(6; - 2) O x QUESTIONS x-axis and y-axis at P and S N 15.1.2 the tangent. (5) P respectively. T( -2 3 ; -2) OQR,ˆ 15.2 Calculate the size of 18.1 Show that the equation of S 2 2 GRADE 12 rounded off to one decimal digit. (3) the circle is x + y = 16 is. (3) 15.3 Calculate a if (2; a) is a point 18.2 Determine the coordinates of P and S. (2) ˆ 2 2 See why ABC = 90º in these 2 cases ... on the circle x + y = 40. (3) 18.3 Determine the equation of the line PS. (3) B • A diameter of a circle makes an angle of 90º 15.4 Determine the coordinates of Q. (2) 18.4 If the straight line QN which is perpendicular to PS at the circumference â The hypotenuse of A C passes through the origin, write down its equation. (2) Δ ? diameter a right-angled ABC is the diameter of ABC ! y 16. The straight line y = x - 1 cuts 18.5 Calculate the coordinates of N if QN meets PS at N. (4) 2 2 • A tangent to a circle is A the circle x + y = 25 at A and B. radius 18.6 Find the coordinates of a point E, which is the perpendicular to the radius B diameter B AB cuts the x-axis at S. The circle reflection of point T with respect to the line y = - x. (2) (or diameter) drawn to the point tangent O x intersects the x-axis at T. T S of contact, i.e. BC ⊥ AB. C 19. A circle with its centre O at the origin passes through the Calculate point P2() 3;2. 16.1 the coordinates of A A and B. (6) 19.1 Determine the equation of the circle. (2) CIRCLES – CENTRE AT THE ORIGIN 16.2 the equation of the circle with centre O and 19.2 Determine the gradient of line OP. (1) radius OS. (3) 19.3 Hence, without using a calculator, determine the size 16.3 the equation of the tangent to the circle at T. (2) Equation: x2 + y2 = r2 of the angle between OP and the positive x-axis. (2) y 19.4 Determine the equation of the tangent to the circle 17. In the figure the circle, with centre P2() 3;2 14. The origin O is the centre of y S(1; a) at the point in the form y = ax + q. (4) at the origin O, passes through the the circle in the figure. P(x; y) point K(- 3; 1). K(- 3; 1) R(k; 1) x O 20. In the figure, a circle is defined y P(x; y) and Q(3; -4) are T T O x ST is a tangent to the circle 2 2 two points on the circle and by the equation x + y = 9, A at S(1; a). Q E POQ is a straight line. two secants AB and BC meet at Q(3; - 4) 17.1 Determine the radius of the circle. (2) R is the point (k; 1) and RQ is a common point B(k; 0), a B(k; 0) a tangent to the circle. 17.2 Write down the equation of the circle. (1) second line DE passes through O x the origin and is perpendicular to Determine (leave answers in surd form if necessary): 17.3 Show clearly that the value of a = 3. (2) D AB with E a point on the circle. 14.1 the equation of circle O. (2) 17.4 Write down the coordinates of a point Q which is C symmetrical to the point S with respect to the x-axis. (2) 20.1 Write down the value of k. (1) 14.2 the length of QT. (3) 20.2 Determine the length of AB. (2) 14.3 the length of PQ. (4) 17.5 Write down the gradient of OS. (1) ˆ 14.4 the equation of OQ. (2) 17.6 Hence, show that the equation of the tangent ST is 20.3 Calculate BAC, giving reasons. (2) given by + 3y = 10. (3) 14.5 the coordinates of P. (2) x 20.4 Calculate the area of ΔABC. (2) 14.6 the gradient of QR. (1) 17.7 Write down the coordinates of point T. (2) 20.5 Determine the equation of line DE. (2) 14.7 the equation of QR in the form y = mx + c. (3) 17.8 Hence, prove that TQ is a tangent to the circle. (3) 20.6 Hence, without using a calculator, determine the 14.8 the value of k. (3) 17.9 Write down the equation of another tangent to the coordinates of D. (4) circle (not shown in the figure above) which is also 14.9 whether the point S(3; 2) lies inside, outside or on the circle. Give a reason for your answer. (2) parallel to ST. (2) 1 Copyright © The Answer Gr 12 Maths – Analytical Geometry: Questions 28. The point M(2; 1) is the midpoint of chord PQ of the circle. 32. The vertices A and B of ΔABC lie y 2 2 CIRCLES – ANY CENTRE on the -axis. C x + y - x - 2y - 5 = 0 x DE 28.1 Determine the coordinates of the centre, A, of The centre of the inscribed circle Δ the circle. (2) of ABC is Q(4; 5). Q 2 2 2 Equation: (x - a) + (y - b) = r The circle touches AC at the 28.2 Determine the radius of the circle. (2) x point D(0; 8) and BC at the AB 28.3 If chord PQ ⊥ AM, determine the equation of point E(8; 8). 21. Determine the equation of the circle with chord PQ. (4) Determine: 21.1 centre (2; 3) and radius 7 units (3) 28.4 Calculate the coordinates of P and Q. (5) 32.1 the equation of the circle. (3) 21.2 centre (-1; 4) and radius 5 units. (3) 28.5 Determine the equation of the tangent to the 32.2 the equation of BC. (3) circle at the point (2; 3). (4) 32.3 the gradient of AC. (2) 22.1 Convert the following general form of the equation of a 2 2 32.4 Hence, or otherwise, prove that AC = BC. circle to the standard form: x - 6x + y + 8y - 11 = 0 (3) 29. A(3; -5) and B(1; 3) are two points in a Cartesian plane. Give reasons for your answer. (5) 22.2 Write down the centre and the radius of the circle. (3) NB: DRAW A PICTURE ! 33. A triangle with vertices A(-1; 7), B(8; 4) and C(7; 1) is given. ˆ 23. Determine the equation of the tangent that touches the 29.1 Calculate the length of AB and leave the 33.1 Show that ABC = 90º. (4) circle defined by: answer in simplified surd from if necessary. (2) 2 2 33.2 Determine the area of the triangle. (4) 23.1 (x - 1) + (y + 2) = 25 at the point (4; 2) (4) 29.2 Determine the equation of the circle with AB as 33.3 Determine the equation of the circle through 2 2 2 2 2 23.2 x - 2x + y + 4y = 5 at the point (-2; -1) (5) diameter in the form : (x - a) + (y - b) = r (4) A, B and C. (7) 29.3 Determine the equation of the tangent to the 24. A diameter AB of a circle with points A(-3; -2) and circle at A in the form: y = m + c. (5) Remember? x B(1; 4) is given. A tangent to a circle is perpendicular A radius to the radius (or diameter) drawn to 24.1 Determine the equation of the circle. (4) diameter B 30. The equation of a circle with radius 32 units is the point of contact, 24.2 Determine the equation of the tangent to the 2 2 tangent x + y - 6x + 2y - m = 0 i.e. ⊥ circle at A. (5) tangent radius. C 30.1 Determine the coordinates of the centre of 25.1 Prove that y = x + 7 is a tangent to the circle the circle. (4) y 2 2 34. In the diagram alongside, centre C x + y + 8x + 2y + 9 = 0. (6) 30.2 Determine the value of m. (3) of the circle lies on the straight line D 3x + 4y + 7 = 0. 25.2 Determine the point of contact of the tangent and the C P(0; 2) y The straight line cuts the circle circle in 25.1. (2) 31. A circle with centre M(-4; 2) has x N(- 2 ; y) at D and E(-1; -1). the points O(0; 0) and N(-2; y) on the circumference.