DRAFT TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR STODDARD SOLVENT Prepared by: Clement International Corporation Under Contract No. 205-88-0608 Prepared for: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry May 1993 ***DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT*** DISCLAIMER The use of company or product name(s) is for identification only and does not imply endorsement by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. ***DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT*** iii FOREWORD The Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 (Public Law 99-499) amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA or Superfund). Section 211 of SARA also amended Title 10 of the U.S. Code, creating the Defense Environmental Restoration Program. Section 2704(a) of Title 10 of the U.S. Code directs the Secretary of Defense to notify the Secretary of Health and Human Services of not less than 25 of the most commonly found unregulated hazardous substances at defense facilities. Section 2704(b) of Title 10 of the U.S. Code directs the Administrator of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) to prepare a toxicological proflle for each substance on the list provided by the Secretary of Defense under subsection (b). Each profile must include the following: (A) The examination, summary, and interpretation of available toxicological information and epidemiological evaluations on a hazardous substance in order to ascertain the levels of significant human exposure for the substance and the associated acute, subacute, and chronic health effects. (B) A determination of whether adequate information on the health effects of each substance is available or in the process of development to determine levels of exposure which present a significant risk to human health of acute, subacute, and chronic health effects. (C) Where appropriate, identification of toxicological testing needed to identify the types or levels of exposure that may present significant risk of adverse health effects in humans. This toxicological profile is prepared in accordance with guidelines developed by ATSDR and EPA. The original guidelines were published in the Federal Register on April 17, 1987. Each profile will be revised and republished as necessary. The ATSDR toxicological profile is intended to characterize succinctly the toxicological and adverse health effects information for the hazardous substance being described. Each profile identifies and reviews the key literature (that has been peer-reviewed) that describes a hazardous substance's toxicological properties. Other pertinent literature is also presented but described in less detail than the key studies. The profile is not intended to be an exhaustive document; however, more comprehensive sources of specialty information are referenced. Each toxicological profile begins with a public health statement, which describes in nontechnical language a substance's relevant toxicological properties. Following the public health statement is information concerning levels of significant human exposure and, where known, significant health effects. The adequacy of information to determine a substance's health effects is described in a health effects summary. Data needs that are of significance to protection of public health will be identified by ATSDR and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The focus of the profiles is on health and toxicological information; therefore, we have included this information in the beginning of the document. IV Foreword The principal audiences for the toxicological profiles are health professionals at the Federal. state. and local levels, interested private sector organizations and groups, and members of the public. We plan to revise these documents in response to public comments and as additional data become available. Therefore. we encourage comments that will make the toxicological profile series of the greatest use. Comments should be sent to: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Division of Toxicology Mail Stop E-29 Atlanta, Georgia 30333 This profile reflects our assessment of all relevant toxicological testing and information that has been peer reviewed. It has been reviewed by scientists from ATSDR, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). and other Federal agencies. It has also been reviewed by a panel of nongovernment peer reviewers and is being made available for public review. Final responsibility for the contents and views expressed in this toxicological profile resides with ATSDR. [Redacted] William L. Roper, M.D.. .H. Administrator Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry v CONTENTS FOREWORD 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o 0 0 0 0 • o • 0 0 0 0 o o o 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 o o o 0 0 o o o o 0 o o o 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 o o 0 iii LIST OF FIGURES 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 o o o 0 0 o o o o 0 0 o o o o 0 0 o o o 0 0 o o o ix LIST OF TABLES 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 o o o o 0 o 0 o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o 0 0 o o o o 0 0 o o o 0 0 0 o o o 0 0 o o o 0 • 0 o 0 0 0 0 o o 0 xi 1. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT 0 o o o o 0 0 0 0 o o o o 0 0 0 0 o o o o 0 0 o o o o o 0 o o o o 0 o o o o 0 0 o o o o o 0 o o o 1 1.1 WHAT IS STODDARD SOLVENT? o o 0 0 0 o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 o o o o 0 o o o o 0 0 o o o o 0 0 o o o o 0 0 1 1.2 WHAT HAPPENS TO STODDARD SOLVENT WHEN IT ENTERS THE ENVIRONMENT? o o o o o o o 0 0 o o o o o o o 0 0 o o o o o 0 0 o o o o o 0 o o o o 0 0 o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o o 1 1.3 HOW MIGHT I BE EXPOSED TO STODDARD SOLVENT? o o o 0 0 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o 2 1.4 HOW CAN STODDARD SOLVENT ENTER AND LEAVE MY BODY? o 0 o o o o o o o o o 0 o 2 1.5 HOW CAN STODDARD SOLVENT AFFECT MY HEALTH? o o 0 0 0 o o o 0 o o o o o 0 o o o o 0 o 3 1.6 IS THERE A MEDICAL TEST TO DETERMINE WHETHER I HAVE BEEN EXPOSED TO STODDARD SOLVENT? 0 0 0 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 o o o 0 0 o 0 o o o 0 0 o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o 3 1.7 WHAT RECOMMENDATIONS HAS THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT MADE TO PROTECT HUMAN HEALTH? 0 o o o o 0 0 0 0 o o o 0 0 0 o o o 0 o o o o 0 o o o o 0 0 o o o o 0 o o o o 0 0 o o o 0 3 1.8 WHERE CAN I GET MORE INFORMATION? o o 0 o o o o 0 0 o o o o 0 0 o o o o o o •• o o o o o o ••• o 3 20 HEALTH EFFECTS o o 0 0 • o o o o 0 0 0 •• o o o 0 0 o o o 0 0 0 •• o 0 0 o o o o 0 • o o o 0 0 • o o o 0 •• o o 0 • o o 0 0 o o o 5 201 INTRODUCTION o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 • o 0 0 0 0 o o o 0 0 •• o o 0 0 o o o 0 0 0 • o 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 • o 5 202 DISCUSSION OF HEALTH EFFECTS BY ROUTE OF EXPOSURE . o. o o o 0 •• o o 0 o o o 0 5 20201 Inhalation Exposure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 6 2020101 Death 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 20201.2 Systemic Effects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••••• 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 14 20201.3 Immunological Effects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 •• 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 20 20201.4 Neurological Effects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 •••• 0 • 0 0 0 •• 0 0 • • • • • • 20 20201.5 Developmental Effects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •••• 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 21 20201.6 Reproductive Effects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 •• o 0 0 0 • o o 0 • o o o 0 •• o 0 o o 22 20201.7 Genotoxic Effects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 0 22 20201.8 Cancer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 •••••• 0 0 •• 0 0 •••• 0 • • 22 20202 Oral Exposure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 •• 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 2020201 Death 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 • 0 • 23 2020202 Systemic Effects 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 23 2.20203 Immunological Effects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 • 0 0 •• 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 •• 0 0 •• 0 0 0 • • • 23 20202.4 Neurological Effects 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 ••• 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 • 0 0 0 0 23 2020205 Developmental Effects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 •••• 0 0 • 0 0 0 •• 0 •••• 0 0 0 0 •• 0 23 2020206 Reproductive Effects 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 •• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 • 0 0 23 2020207 Genotoxic Effects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 23 2020208 Cancer 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 ••• 0 • 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 ••• 0 0 0 0 0 23 20203 Dermal Exposure 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •• 0 0 0 0 0 ••••• 0 •• 0 0 0 ••• 0 • 0 23 2020301 Death 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 • 0 0 0 0 23 2020302 Systemic Effects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ••••• 0 • 0 0 0 0 ••• 0 • 0 23 2020303 Immunological Effects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 •••• 0 •• 0 0 0 ••••• 0 • 0 0 0 0 • 23 20203.4 Neurological Effects 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • o 0 0 0 o o o o 0 0 •• o o 0 •• o o o • o • o o 0 ••• o 0 0 • 24 2020305 Developmental Effects .