United States Department of Agriculture National Proceedings: Forest Service Forest and Conservation Rocky Mountain Research Station Proceedings Nursery Associations—2007 RMRS-P-57 December 2008 Dumroese, R. K.; Riley, L. E., tech. coords. 2008. National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations—2007. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Proc. RMRS-P-57. 174 p. Abstract These proceedings are a compilation of the papers that were presented at the regional meetings of the forest and conservation nursery associations in the United States and Canada in 2007. The Northeastern Forest and Conservation Nursery Association meeting was held July 16 to 19 at the Grappone Conference Center in Concord, NH. The meeting was hosted by the New Hampshire State Forest Nursery. Subject matter for the technical sessions included seed collection, handling, and storage, soil management, seedling nutrition, disease management, and fumigation alternatives. Field trips included an afternoon tour of the New Hampshire State Forest Nursery in Boscawen, NH, and a full day tour of the White Mountain National Forest, including timber management and wilderness projects across the Kancamagus Highway, and Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. The combined meeting of the Forest Nursery Association of British Columbia and the Western Forest and Conservation Nursery Association was held at the Mary Winspear Centre in Sidney, BC, on September 17 to 19. The meeting was hosted by the Forest Nursery Association of Brit- ish Columbia. Subject matter for the technical sessions included global climate change, business practices and marketing, forest nursery practices, nursery technology, disease management, and labor management. An afternoon field trip included tours of the Arbutus Grove Nursery Limited, Eurosa Gardens Limited, and Church and State Wines on the Saanich Peninsula. Keywords: bareroot nursery, container nursery, nursery practices, fertilization, pesticides, seeds, reforestation, restoration, tree physiology, hardwood species, marketing You may order additional copies of this publication by sending your mailing information in label form through one of the following media. Please specify the publication title and number. Fort Collins Service Center Telephone (970) 498-1392 FAX (970) 498-1122 E-mail [email protected] Web site http://www.fs.fed.us/rm Mailing Address Publications Distribution Rocky Mountain Research Station 240 Prospect Road Fort Collins, CO 80526 Papers were edited to a uniform style; however, the content of the papers reflects the views of the authors, who are responsible for the facts and accuracy of the information presented herein. nnp interior 11.21 11/24/08 9:35 PM Page 3 National Proceedings :: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations 2007 Technical Coordinators R Kasten Dumroese, Research Plant Physiologist, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1221 South Main St, Moscow, ID 83843; Tel: 208.883.2324; FAX: 208.883.2318; E-mail: [email protected] Lee E Riley, Supervisory Operations Forester, USDA Forest Service, Dorena Genetics Resource Center, 34963 Shoreview Road, Cottage Grove, OR 97424; Tel: 541.767.5723; FAX: 541.767.5709; E-mail: [email protected] Sponsoring organizations New Hampshire State Forest Nursery, Boscawen, NH Forest Nursery Association of British Columbia, Victoria, BC Acknowledgments Funding for this publication was provided as a technology transfer service by the USDA Forest Service, State and Pri- vate Forestry, through the Center for Reforestation, Nurs- eries and Genetic Resources. Searchable Internet Databasewww.rngr.net The National Nursery Proceedings database includes papers published in the regional nursery proceedings (Western, Intermountain, Northeastern, and Southern) since 1949. The database can be searched by date, author, or keyword and papers are available in portable document format (PDF). nnp interior 11.21 11/24/08 9:35 PM Page 176 nnp interior 11.21 11/24/08 9:35 PM Page 4 Northeastern Forest and Conservation Nursery Association July 16 to 19, 2007 The Grappone Conference Center | Concord, New Hampshire nnp interior 11.21 11/24/08 9:35 PM Page 176 nnp interior 11.21 11/24/08 9:35 PM Page 5 Some Thoughts about Tree Planting and Tree Seed Handling, Processing, Testing, Nursery Culture in New Hampshire and Storage at Hayward State Nursery, Kenneth M Desmarais Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources 11 Gordon Christians 46 Diagnosing Plant Problems Cheryl A Smith Seed Storage and Testing at Pennsylvania 15 Department of Conservation and Natural Resources Penn Nursery and Wood Shop Comments on Alternatives to Methyl Bromide Jeffrey J Kozar for Quarantine Purposes 48 in Forest Nurseries David B South Seed Storage and Testing Procedures Used 18 at Saratoga Tree Nursery, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation Relating Seed Treatments to Nursery David Lee Performance: Experience 51 with Southern Pines James P Barnett Soils and Nutrition: A Forest Nursery Perspective 27 Russell D Briggs 55 Methyl Isothiocyanate and Chloropicrin Concentrations in Bareroot Forest Nursery Soils Performance of Nutrient-Loaded Red Oak and Above Soil Surface Treatments and White Oak Seedlings on Mine Lands Following Fumigation in Southern Indiana Jennifer Juzwik K Francis Salifu, Douglass F Jacobs, 38 and Zonda KD Birge 65 Marketing your Nursery Jerry Hopkins Effects of Fall Fertilization on Morphology and Cold Hardiness of Red Pine No paper received; for more information, contact author at the address provided in the list of attendees. (Pinus resinosa Ait.) Seedlings M Anisul Islam, Kent G Apostol, Douglass F Jacobs, and R Kasten Dumroese 72 nnp interior 11.21 11/24/08 9:35 PM Page 176 nnp interior 11.21 11/24/08 9:35 PM Page 6 Forest Nursery Association of British Columbia Western Forest and Conservation Nursery Association Combined Meeting September 17 to 19, 2007 The Mary Winspear Centre | Sidney, British Columbia nnp interior 11.21 11/24/08 9:35 PM Page 176 nnp interior 11.21 11/24/08 9:35 PM Page 7 Planting the Planet Physiological Responses of Planting Frozen Dirk Brinkman and Thawed Douglas-fir Seedlings No paper received; for more information, contact author at the address M Anisul Islam, Kent G Apostol, Douglass F Jacobs, provided in the list of attendees. and R Kasten Dumroese 126 Climate Change, Forests, and the Forest Nursery Industry Somatic Embryogenesis Tissue Culture for Richard Joseph Hebda Applying Varietal Forestry to Conifer Species 81 Steven C Grossnickle and John Pait 135 Building Trust—Business Essentials Sandy MacIver Gene Activity Test Determines Cold Tolerance 88 in Douglas-fir Seedlings Peter A Balk, Diane L Haase, Enhancing Forest Nursery Education: and Monique F van Wordragen Input from the 2007 Joint Meeting of the 140 Western Forest and Conservation Nursery Association and Forest Nursery Association of Deployment of Deer-Resistant British Coumbia Western Redcedar (Thuja plicata) Anthony S Davis John Russell 89 149 What’s in your Douglas-fir Bark? Marketing: The Roots of your Business M Gabriela Buamscha and James E Altland Susan S Franko 96 154 Effects of Container Size and Copper Treatment Recent Workforce Trends and their Effects on on Western White Pine Seedling Growth the Silviculture Program in British Columbia and Survival John Betts Donald J Regan and Anthony S Davis 164 104 Fusarium Species—a British Columbia Perspective in Forest Seedling Production Michael Peterson 109 nnp interior 11.21 11/24/08 9:35 PM Page 8 nnp interior 11.21 11/24/08 9:35 PM Page 9 Northeastern Forest and Conservation Nursery Association July 16 to 19, 2007 The Grappone Conference Center | Concord, New Hampshire nnp interior 11.21 11/24/08 9:35 PM Page 10 nnp interior 11.21 1/9/09 8:54 AM Page 11 Some Thoughts about Tree Planting and Nursery Culture in New Hampshire Kenneth M Desmarais KEN DEMARAIS “He plants trees to benefit another generation” Administrator — cicero Forest Management Bureau New Hampshire Division of Forests and Lands PO Box 1856 Concord, NH 03302-1856 Tel: 603.271.2215 As a forester one of the best and worse things E-mail: [email protected] about my work is the time involved to grow a for- est. Most benefits of my work will be realized long Desmarais KM. 2008. Some thoughts about tree planting and nursery culture in New Hampshire. In: Dumroese RK, Riley LE, technical coor- after my last steps are taken on this earth. It’s dinators. National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery comforting to me to know that 3 generations Associations—2007. Fort Collins (CO): USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Proceedings RMRS-P-57:11—14. Available from now, people will be harvesting trees that I at: http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/pubs/rmrs_p057.html have planted, or that have regenerated from cut- tings that I have made in the forest. KEYWORDS On the other hand, I often wish that I could get Norway spruce, eastern white pine, red pine, in a time machine and zip ahead into the future Douglas-fir, plantations to see how things will work out; which species will do best; how well they will grow; how well this forest will match up to the previous forest that I managed. We owe so much to previous generations that have contributed their time, efforts, sweat, and careers to the forest. The State of New Hampshire has benefited from the planting stock that has been developed and provided by the State Forest Nursery and from the many cooperative pro- grams over the years that helped improve the stock which it provided. The Norway spruce (Picea abies) plantation (Figure 1) at the Caroline A Fox Research and Demonstration Forest in Hillsborough, New USDA Forest Service Proceedings :: RMRS-P-57 :: 2008 11 nnp interior 11.21 11/24/08 9:35 PM Page 12 Hampshire (43°08'15.86''N, 71°54'56.53''W) was planted in 1936. Seeds for this plantation were collected across much of Europe as part of a provenance trial to examine geographic variation of seed source, and to try and discern how local seed sources react to new climatic conditions.