A CHRONOLOGICAL AND SUBJECT ANALYSIS OF SOUTH AFRICA'S MULTILATERAL AND BILATERAL TREATIES, 1806-1979 Jacqueline Audrey KaLley A Diseercation Submitted to the Faculty of Arte University of the Witwatererand, Johannesburg for the Degree of Master of Arts Johannesburg, 1985 a b s t r a c t and BIM T^L^R^TIESy 1806^979^^ °F AFRICA'S MULTILATERAL WllEY. Aud,.y, M.A. U„tve„lcy „£ the Ku„.terjr,nd,lg85 - ^ —v* UJCLNJ.U^ P " - r . in both c . t i t u t i o n . l ,„d h i.to tic .l p .r.p .c ti,. for th. p„riod ,806" '97’ ' “ ‘ U ° Pr°Vld" 1 tbnonological U .t of it. tr.oti.. „ d •n ind„ which ,i.. to «tti.v.1. s.ctio, I coopti... =h.pt.t., in ^ich th. con.titutional d.v.lopmnt and trooty-^io, pp., of th. Britiah Coloni.., th. Bo., R.pubUcs, th. Union of South Africa th. R.poblic of south Africa and th. ' ind.p.nd.nt■ n.tion.i Tranakai, Bophuthat.w.n. and V.nd. tra c d . I , s.ction , chr.no- iogicai ind,x 1, pr.a.nt.d cocpri.ing th. d.t. of .ign.t.r., d.t. of .ntry into fore, ratification, (if , pUc. of .i,„,tot, country (or -U il.t.ra i atatu.,, titl. of tr.aty and .ourc.(.) „h.r. th. t.,t my b. located, s.ction I,I provide a d.tail.d i„d„, to both tb. aubj.ct and th. bil.t.ra, p.rtn.r, 1. thi, way . coopr.h.n.iv. Piotur. Of South Africa., int.ntationa, C ation, for th. p.riod und.r review may be ascertained. DECLARATION I declare that this dissertation is my own, unaided work. It is being submitted for the degree of Master of Arts in the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, It has not been submitted before for any degree or examination in any other University. For my Parents Harold and Eve, and Paul with love . z / . (v) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface ............................................ x Explanatory Notes ............. xii List of Abbreviations ........................................ xv List of Tables ................. xv£ SECTION I 1 BRITISH COLONIES ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Colonial Constitutional Development Prior to 1910and Implications for Treaty-Making Powers ..................................... 1 1.2 Capa Colony t _ g 1.2.1 Constitutional Development and Treaty-Making Powers ............. 8 1.2.2 Boundaries and Treaties with Local Chiefdoms ............... n 1.2.3 Extradition ................ 24 1.2.4 Other ............ 25 1.3 NAEal ..................... 27 1.3.1 Constitutional Development and Treaty-Making Powers . .. .. 27 1.3.2 Treaties with Local Chiefdoms .................. 30 1.3.3 Boundaries ....................................................................... 34 1.3.4 Extradition ..................................................................................................... 39 1.3.5 Other ......................................................................... ^ 2 THE BOER REPUBLICS .................................................................................... 42 2.1 *-anga Free State ............................ 42 2.1.1 Constitutional Development and Treaty-Making Powers . .. .. 42 2.1.2 Boundaries and Treaties with Local Chiefdoms .......................... 46 2.1.3 Diplomatic Background .................................. 55 2.1.4 Friendship and Comaerce ........................... 57 2.1.5 Extradition ...................... ,,, 62 (vi) Page 2.1.6 Human Rights ......................................................... 63 2.1.7 Defence Alliances ......................................................................................... 64 2.1.8 Customs Union ......................... 65 2.2 The South African Republic .................................................... 67 2.2.1 Constitutional Development and Treaty-Making Powers . , , , , , 67 2.2.2 Treaties between Boers and Local Chiefdoms ................................ 71 2.2.3 Boundaries ...................................... b 1 2.2.4 Commerce ...................................................................................... 87 2.2.5 Extradition ................................................................................................... 90 3 DEVELOPMENT OF SOUTH AFRICAN TREATY-MAKING POWERS, 1910-1979 ........... 93 3.1 The South Africa Act, 1909 .................................................................... 93 3.2 Status of British Self-Governing Colonies, 1910-1918 ........... 94 3.3 The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 ................................................... 96 3.4 The League of Nations ............................................................. 99 3.5 Imperial Conferences 100 3.3.1 1921 ...................................................................................................................... 100 3.5.2 1923 ...................................................................................................................... 102 3.5.3 1926 ............................................. 105 3.5.4 1930 ...................................................................................................................... 1I0 3.6 The Statute of Westminster, 1931 ....................................................... 112 3.7 Status of the Union Act, 1934 ............................................................. 1 13 3.8 The Republic of South Africa Constitution Act of 1961 .... 114 3.9 A Selection of Principal Treaties Illustrative of South Africa's International Relations, 1910-1979 ............................. ^ 3.9.1 Agriculture ..................................................................................................... 116 3.9.1.1 Food and Agriculture Organisation (FA0) ....................................... 116 3.9.2 Atomic Energy ................................................................. 117 3.9.2.1 International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 117 3.9.3 Aviation ..................................................................................................... 118 3.9.3.1 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) ................... 118 t / y f - (vii) Page 3.9..3.2 Hijacking ........................................................................ 119 3.9.3.3 Other ............................................................................................................... 12° 3.9.4 Copyright ..................................................................................................... 121 3.9.4.1 Copyright Conventions .................................................. 121 3.9.4.2 World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) ............. 121 3.9.5 Customs ....................................................................................................... 122 3.9.5.1 The Southern African Customs Union (SACU) .................................. 122 3.9.6 Defence ...............................................*....................... 124 3.9.6.1 The Simonstown Agreements ...................................................* ............. 124 3.9.7 Development ............................................ 130 3.9.7.1 Intematior^l Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) .............................................................................................................. 130 3.9.7.2 International Finance Corporation (IFC) .................................... 131 3.9.7.3 International Development Agency (IDA) .................................... 132 3.9.8 Double Taxation ............................................................................... 133 3.9.9 Educational, Cultural and Scientific Matters .............. 135 3.9.9.1 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) ............................................... 135 3.9.10 Extradition ......................................................................... 136 3.9.11 Health ............................................................................................................. 138 3.9.11.1 World Health Organization (WHO) • • • 138 3.9.11.2 Other ................................................................................................................ 139 3.9.12 Judicial Matters ................................................................ 139 3.9.12.1 The International Court of Justice (ICJ) ........... 139 3.9.13 Labour .............................................................................................................. 141 3.9.13.1 International Labour Organisation (ILO) 141 3.9.13.2 The Mozambique Conventions ............. 146 3.9.14 The League of Nations ........... 134 3.9.15 Meteorological Relations ................................... 156 3.9,15.1 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) .................. 156 V / S - ' f L (viii) Page 3.9.15.2 Other ........................................................................................................ 156 3.9.16 Monetary Affairs .......................................................................................... 157 3.9.16.1 International Monetary Fund (IMF) ...................................................... 157 3.9.17 Postal Matters .............................................................................................. 158 3.9.17.1 Universal Postal Union ................................................... 158 3.9.17.2 African Postal Telecommunications Union ........................................ 159 3.9.18 Sea ....................................................................................................................... 159 3.9.19 Telecommunications ..................................................................................... 160 3.9.19.1 International