BAASTA Citation for published version (APA): Dalla Bella, S., Farrugia, N., Benoit, C-E., Begel, V., Verga, L., Harding, E., & Kotz, S. A. (2017). BAASTA: Battery for the Assessment of Auditory Sensorimotor and Timing Abilities. Behavior Research Methods, 49(3), 1128–1145. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-016-0773-6 Document status and date: Published: 01/06/2017 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-016-0773-6 Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: Taverne Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. 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If the publication is distributed under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license above, please follow below link for the End User Agreement: www.umlib.nl/taverne-license Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us at: [email protected] providing details and we will investigate your claim. Download date: 26 Sep. 2021 Behav Res (2017) 49:1128–1145 DOI 10.3758/s13428-016-0773-6 BAASTA: Battery for the Assessment of Auditory Sensorimotor and Timing Abilities Simone Dalla Bella1,2,3,4 & Nicolas Farrugia1,3,5,6 & Charles-Etienne Benoit1,3,5 & Valentin Begel1,7 & Laura Verga1,5 & Eleanor Harding5 & Sonja A. Kotz1,5,8 Published online: 21 July 2016 # Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2016 Abstract The Battery for the Assessment of Auditory likelihood procedure (MLP) algorithm. Production tasks use Sensorimotor and Timing Abilities (BAASTA) is a new tool finger tapping and include unpaced and paced tapping (with for the systematic assessment of perceptual and sensorimotor tones and music), synchronization-continuation, and adaptive timing skills. It spans a broad range of timing skills aimed at tapping to a sequence with a tempo change. BAASTA was differentiating individual timing profiles. BAASTA consists tested in a proof-of-concept study with 20 non-musicians of sensitive time perception and production tasks. Perceptual (Experiment 1). To validate the results of the MLP procedure, tasks include duration discrimination, anisochrony detection less widespread than standard staircase methods, three percep- (with tones and music), and a version of the Beat Alignment tual tasks of the battery (duration discrimination, anisochrony Task. Perceptual thresholds for duration discrimination and detection with tones, and with music) were further tested in a anisochrony detection are estimated with a maximum second group of non-musicians using 2 down / 1 up and 3 down / 1 up staircase paradigms (n = 24) (Experiment 2). The results show that the timing profiles provided by BAASTA allow to detect cases of timing/rhythm disorders. In addition, * Simone Dalla Bella perceptual thresholds yielded by the MLP algorithm, although [email protected] generally comparable to the results provided by standard stair- * Sonja A. Kotz case, tend to be slightly lower. In sum, BAASTA provides a [email protected] comprehensive battery to test perceptual and sensorimotor timing skills, and to detect timing/rhythm deficits. 1 EuroMov Laboratory, University of Montpellier, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint Loup, 34090 Montpellier, France . 2 Keywords Timing Rhythm perception Rhythm Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, Bd. Saint-Michel 103, performance . Sensorimotor synchronization . Beat deafness . 75005 Paris, France Music cognition 3 Department of Cognitive Psychology, WSFiZ, Ul. Pawia 55, 01-030 Warsaw, Poland 4 International Laboratory for Brain, Music, and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Canada Introduction 5 Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, Humans encounter regular events in the environment that are 04103 Leipzig, Germany defined by different time scales, spanning from the milli- 6 Goldsmiths, University of London, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, second to the minute range. The timing of such regularly oc- UK curring events is critical when predicting the correct time for 7 NaturalPad, SAS, 700 Avenue du Pic Saint-Loup, action, for example, to decide when to cross a crowded street, 34090 Montpellier, France or to perform movements at the right time while dancing with 8 Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of a partner. Capturing the timing of events is also critical for Neuropsychology & Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, adapting to changes in the environment. People are generally P.O. 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands highly skilled at processing the duration of events (Grondin Behav Res (2017) 49:1128–1145 1129 2008). This is apparent in their fine-grained beat perception in their index finger in synchrony with a pacing stimulus, such as music, in processing the regular ticking of a clock, and in their a sequence of tones equally spaced in time, or a musical beat ability to move along with it (e.g., in dance or synchronized (synchronized or paced tapping task; for thorough reviews, sports). These skills are common to musicians and non- see Repp, 2005;Repp&Su,2013). Another paradigm, which musicians alike, and are widespread in the general population has generated considerable modelling efforts (e.g., Ivry & (Repp, 2010;Sowiński & Dalla Bella, 2013). A large body of Hazeltine, 1995; Vorberg & Wing, 1996;Wing& research has focused on the timing mechanisms underlying the Kristofferson, 1973a; Wing & Kristofferson, 1973b), is the perception and production of durations over the past few de- synchronization-continuation paradigm. Here a participant cades. This research has led to a variety of influential theories continues tapping at the rate provided by a metronome after and models (for reviews, see Buhusi & Meck, 2005; Grondin a sound has stopped, and the performance in the continuation 2008; Merchant & de Lafuente, 2014), such as the Scalar phase is analyzed. Different variations of these paradigms Expectancy Theory (Gibbon, Church, & Meck, 1984), or com- have been proposed; for example, introducing time shifts in putational models such as the Wing and Kristofferson model the sequences (Repp, 2005, for a review), using time se- (Taatgen, van Rijn, & Anderson, 2007; Vorberg & Wing, 1996; quences that vary in real time as a function of the participant’s Wing & Kristofferson, 1973a; Wing & Kristofferson, 1973b). response (Repp & Keller, 2008), or testing the effect of a The empirical research inspired by these and other ap- tempo change in the continuation phase (adaptive tapping proaches employs a multitude of paradigms and tasks. task; Repp & Keller, 2008; Schwartze, Keller, Patel, & Kotz, Perceptual timing has been studied in a number of tasks rang- 2011). Note that an assessment of internal timing mechanisms ing from duration discrimination, estimation, production and in the absence of a pacing stimulus can be made via unpaced reproduction, temporal bisection (i.e., classifying durations as tapping (e.g., Drake, Jones, & Baruch, 2000). comparable to "short" and "long" standards), and detection of In sum, a large number of tasks has been used in the study anisochrony (i.e., determining whether there is a deviant in- of timing skills. The current state of affairs reflects the richness terval within an isochronous sequence) to the beat alignment of the domain and its many methods. It also underlines the task (i.e., detecting whether a metronome superimposed onto complexity of the cognitive and brain mechanisms involved in music is aligned with the beat) (e.g., Dalla Bella & Sowiński, perceptual and sensorimotor timing (Buhusi & Meck, 2005; 2015; Ehrlé & Samson, 2005; Fujii & Schlaug, 2013; Grahn Coull, Cheng, & Meck, 2011;Ivry&Spencer,2004;Kotz& & Brett, 2009;Hyde&Peretz,2004; Iversen & Patel 2008; Schwartze, 2011; Merchant, Harrington, & Meck, 2013; Sowiński & Dalla Bella, 2013; for recent extensive reviews, in Schwartze & Kotz, 2013, 2016; Wing, 2002). Tasks are likely both healthy and patient populations, see Grondin 2008; to involve different processes such as duration-based vs. beat- Grondin, 2010; Merchant & de Lafuente, 2014). Some of based timing, or perceptual vs. sensorimotor timing. Hence, these tasks, typical in the study of interval timing (or they are likely to inform us about the functioning of dissocia- duration-based timing; Grube, Cooper, Chinnery, & ble (or only partly overlapping) components