-MANITOULIN ISLAND /'rel>arcd joirrlly by the Research Branch, Crurada ()clrartatcnt of Aaricrrliiii-c and the 0rrtcrrio .-111'riccritrrrrrl Col/ege CANADA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, OTTAWA ONTARIO DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, TORONTO SOIL SURVEY of MANITOULIN ISLAND Ontario D. W. Hoffman R. E. Wicklund Research Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture and N. R. Richards Ontario Agricultural College GUELPH, ONTARIO December, 1959 REPORT No. 26 OF THE ONTARIO SOIL SURVEY SOIL SURVEY MAPS AND REPORTS PUBLISHED BY COUNTIES Norfolk . .Map No. 1 Elgin . Map No. 2 Kent . Map No. 3 Haldimand . Map No. 4 Welland . Map No. 5 Middlesex . Map No. 6 Carleton . Report No. 7 Parts of Northwestern Ontario . Report No. 8 Durham . Report No. 9 Prince Edward . Report No. 10 Essex . Report No. 11 Grenville . Report No. 12 Huron . Report No. 13 Dundas . Report No. 14 Perth . Report No. 15 Grey . Report No. 16 Bruce . Report No. 17 Peel . Report No. 18 York . Report No. 19 Stormont . Report No. 20 New Liskeard - Englehart Area . Report No. 21 Lambton . Report No. 22 Ontario . Report No. 23 Glengarry . Report No. 24 Victoria . Report No. 25 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The soil survey of Manitoulin Island was a cooperative project between the Canada Department of Agriculture and the Ontario Agricultural College. Mr. R. F. Reid as- sisted with the field mapping. The authors wish to express their appreciation for the advice and assistance given by Dr. P. C. Stobbe, Director, Soils Research Institute, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Drafting of the soil map and analyses of the various soils were carried out at the Agricultural College and grate- ful acknowledgment is made of the help provided by the staff. The soil map was prepared for lithographing by the Cartographic section of the Soils Research Institute, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION . GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE AREA . 10 Location . 10 Principal Towns . 10 Population and Racial Origin . 10 Transportation . 10 GEOLOGY OF THE UNDERLYING ROCKS . 12 Surface Deposits . 12 Vegetation . 15 Climate . 17 Relief . 17 Drainage . IS CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SOILS . 19 Soil Series, Soil Type, Phase . 23 Soil Key . 24 Dumfries Series . 27 Killean Series . 29 Lily Series . 29 Vasey Series . 30 Howland Series . 30 Lyons Series . 31 Buzwah Series . 32 Leech Series . 33 Phipps Series . 34 Donnybrook Series . 34 Bridgman Series . 35 Wendigo Series . 36 Mallard Series . 36 Kenabeek Series . 37 Burpee Series . 37 Burford Series . 39 Brisbane Series . 40 Gilford Series . 40 Bucke Series . 41 Otterskin Series . 42 Englehart Series . 43 Thwaites Series . 44 Casey Series . 44 Page Evanturel Series . 45 Earlton Series . 46 Cane Series . 48 Campbell Series . 48 Gordon Series . 49 Wolsey Series . 51 Pike Series . 52 Bass Series . 52 Perch Series . 53 Farmington Series . ..