2 3 4 5 Network Validation for CDMA 2000 1X EV-DO Technology Technical Handbook Report 6 6 In accordance to the requirements of the Request for Engineering, we carried out several information and asks in Panama, China, Sweden, USA, Norway, Finland, Korea and Taiwan. These locations are home to equipment suppliers, network operators or product regional representatives. The tasks outlined for compliance were defined as: 1- Revision, testing, analysis and recommendation of initial terminal equipment for use in the local IMT-2000 network. Compilation of accurate on the field information on troublesome equipment. 2- Secure availability of terminal equipment to synchronize with the new IMT-2000 platform. 3- Interpretation and recommendation of a product release information listing that will be able to interact with the majority of available terminals, particularly low- end supplies, without affecting GoS/QoS. 4- Cellular tests and measurements. Perform data throughput tests with terminals in working IMT-2000 networks. Sensitivity and Performance measurements. 5- Revision, testing, analysis and recommendation of testing equipment to be used for engineering purposes in the IMT-2000 network at terminal level (level 1,2,3) and network level. 6- Conduct laboratory testing and measurements on network equipment (including antennas) and terminals. 7- Purchasing of spare parts of key components of the IMT-2000 network. 8- Pursuing adequate training relevant to the technology and vendor for know-how transfer to network operator. 7 9- Testing and analysis of IMT-2000 networks in the countries visited with hardware and software tools. Network Validation for CDMA 2000 1X EV-DO Technology Technical Handbook Report 7 In meetings with manufacturers of IMT-2000 terminals were held, model compatibility was observed and technical training received by the manufacturers of equipment. The training included RF and programming matters on each of the manufacturer’s platforms and devices. This training was conducted in laboratories and on the field on currently existing Ericsson platforms. Also, work sessions with worldwide mobile terminals manufacturers were held to establish the network parameters. These network parameters included: - Network definitions for PRI, - RF configuration, - PRL, - ERI definitions, - NVR definitions, - WAP definitions, - and functionality description of terminals to be replicated in the network. Extensive training and analysis of existing networks running Ericsson CDMA 1X EVDO platforms was conducted to replicate the scenarios in the local network. Sessions with network engineers were held to gather information regarding shortcomings of their networks with the intention to avoid these in the local network implementation. Specific problems in the local network were reviewed with manufacturers with the objective of 8 correcting them. These allowed the team to have the latest know-how and be able to transfer it to the local network operator, which is an operator responsibility. Software interfaces were also analyzed and basic programming training on PST for each device was conducted. With testing equipment to be recommended for purchase, visited IMT-2000 networks were tested and analyzed in order to replicate implementation locally. Network problems, throughput, performance, latency, congestion, etc. were observed. Korea demanded most of the resources, as two major manufacturers are located in this country, and many others have assembly plants too. While noticeable, network correlation to local implementation was not exact (due to different frequency allocations), terminal testing was mandatory. Also tested were microwave links, antennas, repeaters, filters, combiners, etc. as key components to the IMT-2000 network under development from important suppliers around the world, in order to purchase spare equipment for redundancy matters in the network. Network Validation for CDMA 2000 1X EV-DO Technology Technical Handbook Report 8 The information collected, training received, equipment, spare parts, software, hardware and know-how has been forwarded to the local operator, which should be invaluable for the operatorś growth and customer satisfaction. The objectives described in the RFE were successfully achieved and exposed accordingly in a PFE. Network Validation for CDMA 2000 1X EV-DO Technology Technical Handbook Report 9 9 Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................................................ 11 Objectives .................................................................................................. 12 Summary .................................................................................................... 13 Project Overview ........................................................................................ 17 Abbreviations and Acronyms ..................................................................... 18 Data Gathering ........................................................................................... 20 Network Affiliation ...................................................................................... 21 Terminal Clients ......................................................................................... 22 Client per Operator .................................................................................... 23 Technology ................................................................................................ 24 Frequency Channel Allocation ................................................................... 25 Work package 1 ......................................................................................... 25 Work package 2 ......................................................................................... 25 Data Performance ...................................................................................... 28 Tested and Methodology ........................................................................... 30 Experimental Methodology ........................................................................ 32 Benchmarking Performance ...................................................................... 33 Performance Optimizations ........................................................................ 33 Application Level Techniques .................................................................... 34 Session layer Techniques .......................................................................... 37 Transport layer Techniques ....................................................................... 39 Linklayer Techniques ................................................................................. 41 Summary of Results ................................................................................... 43 Discussion .................................................................................................. 44 10 Related Work .............................................................................................. 48 Digital Revolution and Evolution ................................................................ 50 CDMA 2000 Takes the Next Step .............................................................. 51 A Network Structure Designed for Packetized Communication ................ 51 The Radio Access Network (RAN) ............................................................. 52 The Core Network’s Role in the CDMA Infrastructure ................................ 53 The PDSN does the following activities: .................................................... 53 The AAA Server .......................................................................................... 54 The Home Agent ........................................................................................ 54 Detecting and Solving Some Common Problems in cdma2000 1X Networks .................................................................................................... 54 Throughput Optimization ........................................................................... 58 Throughput Optimization ........................................................................... 60 Numerical Results ...................................................................................... 62 CALCULATIONS ........................................................................................ 64 RESULTS .................................................................................................... 65 CONCLUSIONS ......................................................................................... 66 REFERENCES ............................................................................................ 70 11 Network Validation for CDMA 2000 1X EV-DO Technology Technical Handbook Report 12 11 13 Introduction The process of measuring performance of networks in production and compare them against the focus infrastructure is known as “network validation”. Because efficient use of resources is a key design problem for any cellular network, in general, and code division multiple access (CDMA) networks, in particular, where the number of simultaneous calls that can be admitted in one cell depends on the number of simultaneous calls in many cells in the network, network validation becomes a must perform process. The focus infrastructure is usually a new or recently implemented network. Network validation is necessary to match network planning and configuration to “sturdy” (or immune) networks. These networks are grade of service