TRANSACTIONS OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, ESTABLISHED NOVEMBER 13, 1807. SECOND SERIES. VOLUME I. PART THE FIRST. Quod si cui mortalium cordi et curae sit, non tantum inventis hacrere, atque iis uti, sed ad ulteriora penetrare; atque non disputando adversarium, sed opere naturam vincere ; deni- que non belle et probabiliter opinari, sed certo et ostensive scire; tales, tanquam veri scien- tiarum filii, nobis (si videbitur) seadjungant. Novum Organum, Pr&fatio. LONDON: PRINTED BY R. AND A. TAYLOR, SHOE LANE. SOLD AT THE HOUSE OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, No. 20, BEDFORD STREET, COVENT GARDEN. 1822. NOTICE. THE Council of the Geological Society have recently taken upon themselves the charge and management of the publication of their TRANSACTIONS, for the purpose of reducing the price, and thereby promoting the diffusion of Geological information. With this view they have adopted a page more full than that of the preceding volumes, and have employed Lithographic Plates instead of Engravings on Copper, wherever the substitution could be effected without injury to the correct illustration of the subjects represented. As the Transactions of the Geological Society will thus assume a form in some measure new, the Council, for the convenience of purchasers, have deter­ mined to commence a New Series of volumes;—the portion now published being the First Part of Volume I. Second Series. LONDON, June 21, 1822. OFFICERS AND COUNCIL OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, ELECTED FEBRUARY 1, 1822. PRESIDENT. WILLIAM BABINGTON, M.D. F.R.S. VICE-PRESIDENTS. Rev. WILLIAM BUCKLAND, F.R.S. Prof. Min. HENRY WARBURTON, Esq. F.R.S. Oxford. WILLIAM HYDE WOLLASTON, M.D. WILLIAM HASELDINE PEPYS, Esq. F.R.S. V.P.R.S. SECRETARIES. WILLIAM HENRY FITTON, M.D. F.R.S. | Mr. THOMAS WEBSTER. FOREIGN SECRETARY. HENRY HEULAND, Esq. COUNCIL. ARTHUR AIKIN, Esq. F.L.S.­ GEO. BELLAS GREENOUGH, Esq. F.R.&L.S. Hon. HENRY GREY BENNET, M.P. F.R.S. DANIEL MOORE, Esq. F.R.A. & L.S. JOHN BOSTOCK, M.D. F.R. & L.S. PETER M. ROGET, M.D. F.R.S. HEN. JAMES BROOKE, Esq. F.R, & L.S. THOMAS SMITH, Esq. F.R. & L.S. Major THOMAS COLBY, LL.D. F.R.S. L.&E. CHARLES STOKES, Esq. F.R. A. & L.S. AUG. BOZZI GRANVILLE, M.D. F.R. & L.S. PHILIP BARKER WEBB, Esq. KEEPER OF THE MUSEUM AND DRAUGHTSMAN. Mr. THOMAS WEBSTER. TRUSTEES OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY. GEORGE BELLAS GREENOUGH, Esq. ROBERT FERGUSON, Esq. Sir ABRAHAM HUME, Bart. M.P. DAVID RICARDO, Esq. M.P. FRANCIS HORNER, Esq. M.P. SAMUEL WOODS, Esq. WILLIAM BABINGTON, M.D. ADVERTISEMENT. THE Editors of the Transactions of the Geological Society are directed to make it known to the Public, that the Authors alone are respon­ sible for the facts and opinions contained in their respective papers. It is requested that all letters and communications to the Secretaries, and presents to the Society, may be addressed to the House of the Geological Society, No. 20, Bedford Street, Covent Garden, London. .