Report on the integration of immigrants in Catalonia 2015 In collaboration with: Generalitat de Catalunya Departament de Treball, Afers Socials i Famílies Inclusive Strategies (Instrategies) was commissioned to produce this study. Coordinator: Gemma Pinyol-Jiménez With the participation of: Miquel Àngel Alegre Canosa, IVÀLUA Jordi Bayona, CED Vicent Climent-Ferrando, NPLD Andreu Domingo, CED Núria Franco-Guillem, GRITIM-UPF Markus González, UB Irena Guidikova, CoE Zenia Hellgren, GRITIM-UPF Jordi Moreras, URV Sònia Parella Rubio, GEDIME/CER, UAB Marc Fuster and Sergio Maydeu (Instrategies) © Generalitat de Catalunya, 2016 Secretariat for Equality, Immigration and Citizenship Calàbria, 147 08015 Barcelona http://treballiaferssocials.gencat.cat/ca/ambits_tematics/immigracio/ Legal notice: This study is subject to a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative 3.0 License. Its public reproduction, distribution and communication are permitted subject to the author or authors and the publisher being credited, and to no commercial use being made of the study or derivative works created from it. The full terms of the license can be consulted at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/legalcode.ca Cover photo: John Morgan 1st online edition: May 2016 Design and layout: gama, sl In collaboration with: Foreword One of the directives of Law 10/2010, of 7 May 2010, on the reception of immigrants and returnees to Catalonia, is the preparation of an independent annual assessment of how far one of the most important and complex objectives of our society has been met: the integration of immigrants and refugees in our country. The report you are now reading fulfils this goal. The document evaluates how we are coping with the challenge of being a nation whose people were born in 180 different countries, speak 300 different languages and yet want to continue sharing the same society. It looks at the level of coexistence achieved by those who are different yet wish to share the same country; a country that respects us for who we are and with which, at the same time, we can all feel identified. The report reveals some troubling results as well as successes achieved through the efforts made. These data need to be used to push for reinforcing public policies to overcome inequalities. To mention three particularly relevant examples regarding equal opportunities and individual autonomy, we are particularly concerned with the large difference observed in the unemployment and inactivity rates amongst immigrants; the low level of knowledge of the Catalan language still displayed by many of the newly arrived, and the differences in school results amongst students of different nationalities. This latest piece of data is clearly a warning sign we need to be very aware of if we want to avoid diversity being identified with inequality. And yet, despite having to overcome these major challenges, we can confirm that Catalonia has undergone and is still undergoing one of the most intense demographic transformations in the world, maintaining a good level of coexistence and capable of offering many people opportunities for better lives. This means that we are achieving a capacity to relate to the world, a capacity for understanding others and projecting ourselves, and that this will be a key factor in the globalized world and the open societies of the 21ST century. We have experienced major changes and we have managed them with a very broad social consensus, with policies that have been thought through and executed in close partnership with the Catalan Government, the local authorities and civil society, and this has been essential for surmounting all manner of challenges. We are assuredly a welcoming country with our own model that is worthy of study and explanation. A model that could provide a significant contribution in a world where, in many places, serious difficulties in coexisting with diversity are to be found. An imperfect contribution, no doubt, but yet unique and valuable. Dolors Bassa Minister for Employment, Social Affairs and Families 3 Introduction The Report on the integration of immigrants in Catalonia 2015 provides us with a thorough analysis, an assessment of corporate interventions, a proposal for integration indicators and their results, and finishes off with conclusions and recommendations. The demographic context of the period 2008-2014 marks the end of a cycle and the beginning of the open society with elevated flows of arrivals and departures. We have come to the end of the third great wave of immigration over the last 100 years, resulting in there being approximately one third of Catalans born outside Catalonia, exactly the same as happened to us in the previous two waves. This major transformation happened without a change in the relative distribution of the population in Catalonia, with a mixture throughout the region yet with definite unequal concentrations in the centres of some cities. The report puts forward an innovative proposition based on the integration indicators proposed. On the one hand, by basing it on indicators proposed for the Intercultural Cities (ICC) project, used to compare Catalonia with the 70 most advanced cities in Europe, and on the other, making a useful and comparable proposal using indicators put forward by the Council of Europe as a starting point. A useful system of indicators can be extracted from a synthesis of the two sources for comparisons between different European countries and regions. The study undertaken is a good exercise of independent assessment on how best to consider the steps that need to be taken from now on, and then to embark on them immediately. Now is the moment for us to decide the kind of country we want to create in terms of policies on immigration and the foreign population, which we would like to call citizenship policies. And we want to give them this name to express their objective: to create citizens, people with equal rights and responsibilities, people committed to the society they belong to. Now is the time to assume the duties of a democratic country and comply with international treaties on the right to asylum and refuge. Because they represent the law and make us more democratic. Now is the time, in view of the results of the report, for all public services to reinforce every action directed at equal opportunities, in the knowledge that origin and nationality are still a cause of discrimination. Now is the time to understand that we are no longer speaking about the diversity that has arrived but rather the diversity that we are. We need to recognise ourselves as a diverse society yet reaffirm ourselves as a united society. To make an independent analysis and constructive criticism of it, before moving straight into action. It is in this spirit that we take delivery of the 2015 REPORT with gratitude to the efforts and quality of work of the authors. Oriol Amorós Secretary for Equality, Immigration and Citizenship 4 Contents 1. About the Integration Report 2015................................... 7 2. An Overview of Immigration in Catalonia . 10 2.1. The demographic context, 2008-2014 . 11 2.1.1. The evolution of migratory flows: recovery after the crisis? ........ 11 2.1.2. Communities of resident foreigners and immigrants............. 12 2.1.3. The impact of births and naturalizations...................... 16 2.2. The sociodemographic dimension................................ 17 2.2.1. The employment dimension: economic activity and employment ... 17 2.2.2. The economic dimension ................................. 21 2.2.3. The family and household dimension ........................ 22 2.2.4. The educational dimension ............................... 25 2.2.5. The linguistic dimension.................................. 29 2.3. Territorial distribution......................................... 32 2.3.1. The considerable diversity in the municipal dimension ........... 32 2.3.2. The infra-municipal perspective: the segregation of nationalities ... 36 2.3.3. Territorial concentration ................................. 38 2.4. Conclusions ................................................ 43 3. An Overview of the Actions of the Catalan Government, 2013-2015 ......... 46 3.1. Citizenship and Immigration Plan: horizon 2016 ..................... 47 3.2. Regulation of the Reception Law ................................ 48 3.3. International Protection Plan of Catalonia .......................... 48 3.4. Plan for International Mobility................................... 49 3.5. Other activities .............................................. 49 Expert Note 1 .................................................. 50 The legal framework of the Catalan Government’s policies on the integration of immigrants........................................... 50 4. Indicators of Integration in Catalonia ................................. 56 4.1. Some thoughts on integration .................................. 56 4.1.1. The indicators of the European Union ....................... 57 4.1.2. The indicators of the Council of Europe . 60 Expert Note 2 .................................................. 63 Intercultural Cities Index: a tool for advocacy and policy change ......... 63 4.2. The integration of the immigrant population in Catalonia .............. 65 4.2.1. The institutional dimension ............................... 66 5 Report on the integration of immigrants in Catalonia 2015 4.2.2. The public policy dimension ............................... 70 Expert Note 3 .................................................