3. DEUTSCH-BRASILIANISCHES SYMPOSIUM Nachhaltige Entwicklung 23. – 27. Juli 2007 3° SIMPÓSIO BRASIL-ALEMANHA Desenvolvimento sustentavel Book of Abstracts Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg with collaboration of Baden-Württembergisches Brasilien-Zentrum of the University of Tübingen Location: Kollegiengebäude 1 Werthmannplatz 3 Editor: Ernst Hildebrand, Jürgen Steck and Sabine Heinle 3. DEUTSCH-BRASILIANISCHES SYMPOSIUM Nachhaltige Entwicklung 23. – 27. Juli 2007 3° SIMPÓSIO BRASIL-ALEMANHA Desenvolvimento sustentável Book of Abstracts Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg in collaboration with Baden-Württembergischen Brasilien-Zentrums der Universität Tübingen Location: Kollegiengebäude 1 Werthmannplatz 3 Editors: Ernst Hildebrand, Jürgen Steck und Sabine Heinle IMPRESSUM Tagungsband des 3. Deutsch-Brasilianischen Symposiums Anais do 3° Simpósio Alemanha-Brasil Freiburg, 23. – 27.07.2007 2nd. Edition, September 2007 Ernst Hildebrand, Jürgen Steck, Sabine Heinle (Hrsg./Ed.) © 2007 Baden-Württembergisches Brasilien-Zentrum der Universität Tübingen und Institut für Bodenkunde und Waldernährung, Universität Freiburg www.uni-tuebingen.de/brasilien-zentrum [email protected] All the abstracts published in this book were reproduced from the originals send by the authors. The content of the abstracts is of entire responsibility of the authors. The organizing committee of the Brazilian-German Symposium 2007 and its supporters are not responsible for the data, assertions and opinions published in this book. - 2 - ORGANISATION COMMITTEE Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Baden-Württembergisches Brasilien-Zentrum Ernst E. Hildebrand – Coordinator in Germany der Universität Tübingen Gero Becker Sabine Heinle – Coordinator of the Brazil Centre Thomas Caspari Juliana Erthal Klaus Kümmerer Marlene Junges Maik Scheurer Dieter Mecke Jürgen Steck Roswitha Meyer UFSM, Santa Maria Dieter Bredemeier – Coordinator in Brazil Martha B. Adaime Djalma Dias da Silveira Ayrton Martins Tania Resener - 3 - - 4 - TABLE OF CONTENTS Opening......................................................................................................................7 Location....................................................................................................................16 Program ...................................................................................................................17 Lectures ...................................................................................................................21 Posters .....................................................................................................................69 List of Participants ..................................................................................................146 - 5 - - 6 - Organization Committee DEAR COLLEAGUES AND FRIENDS It is a pleasure and a great honour for me to welcome you to the third German- Brazilian Symposium at the Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg. The German-Brazilian Symposium is a spirited new forum for the scientific environmental exchange between Germany and Brazil and was held for the first time in the year 2003 in Tübingen/Germany followed by meetings in Santa Maria and Santa Cruz (2005). Today we can continue this important dialogue within the framework of the 550th birthday of the Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg. Six sessions covering all important and actual topics of environmental sciences in our two homelands will be chaired by internationally acknowledged scientists. I am grateful to these colleagues for their important and challenging contributions. My special thanks go to the key-note speakers, Philip Fearnside from Manaus and Volker Mosbrugger from Frankfurt. Besides a scientific program with high “biodiversity”, the city of Freiburg with its famous Gothic cathedral and its enjoyable environment (Black Forest, “Kaiserstuhl”) is awaiting you. Especially for ecological scientists Freiburg is a privileged locality: within the radius of a one-day excursion we can find parent materials from all geological periods from the Palaeozoic period until the Holocene (except: the Cretaceous one). Freiburg is therefore surrounded by a geologically, botanically, climatically and last but not least cultural-historically highly structured landscape. Moreover your congress documents include a ticket for all public traffic within a radius of 50 km around Freiburg. This may be an “appetizer” to explore Freiburg with its unique medieval buildings and its exciting surrounding countryside. I will briefly come back to the most famous building of Freiburg: the Gothic cathedral, because I think especially we as environmental scientists can learn a lot from this fascinating building: As far as I know this Gothic cathedral is the only one still standing in Germany that was completed in the 15th Century. If you look at the cathedral, be aware that this building is nearly unchanged since five hundred years! I think there are some analogies between the cathedral and the maintenance of highly diversified landscapes in our region. Both are complex structures, which can only survive in time, if there is a continuous input of energy. Thermodynamically we call those dissipative structures. However, energy alone is not sufficient, because you can not preserve the cathedral by heating it. The energy input must be structured in time and space by sophisticated knowledge and expertise. For these reasons you will never see the cathedral without scaffolding used by men which counteract the decay of the complex structures. This challenge also applies for the management of landscapes if we want to preserve its potentials, richness and resources. The builders of the cathedral did know that their creation will commit their offspring to work hard for ensuring the sustainability of the church. I think we also should feel this commitment and work hard to find ways which allow us to preserve the richness of structures and resources of our planet. - 7 - We would be happy if the contents of the symposium will make you keen on the German-Brazilian Symposium in Freiburg. The members of the local organizing committee work hard to ensure that the German-Brazilian Symposium will be a good and unique opportunity to meet colleagues and friends in a stimulating atmosphere. Last but not least I have to thank all persons and institutions who supported this meeting. My special thanks go to the rectorate of the University of Freiburg for the broad minded help. Prof. Dr. E. E. Hildebrand Speaker of the Organization Committee - 8 - Rector of the University of Freiburg DEAR LADIES AND GENTLEMEN, I am pleased to open and to host the third German-Brazilian Symposium on sustainable development in Freiburg and I especially would like to welcome our Brazilian guests who have travelled a long way to participate in this symposium. The symposium coincides with the anniversary of the University of Freiburg founded 550 years ago, in 1457. For us, the anniversary is not only a reason to celebrate, but also motivation to further present our University as a top-level, cutting edge institution in national and international competition. With the autonomy of the University, a scientific involvement beneficial to mankind, unity of research and teaching, a constructive connection between comprehensive education and practice-oriented training, as well as the necessary creative freedom of academics, we have set a very clear course for the future. During the anniversary festivities we will present the achievements made by members of our university from its beginnings to the present day. I am very happy that this third German-Brazilian Symposium takes place in Freiburg as part of our anniversary celebrations. Brazil is compared to Germany and our university a young nation with a fascinating richness of natural resources thus being an important partner to discuss the future ways of a harmonic development which are in agreement with our planet's longterm buffering potentials. The intensive cultural, scientific and personal links between Brazil and Germany will help to strengthen this dialogue. Especially the Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences has strong relations to Brazil. The first forestry faculty in Latin America was founded in the late sixties of the last century in Curitiba/Paraná with the colaboration of the forestry faculty in Freiburg. It is a pleasure for me to remind of the outstanding engagement of Professor Gerhard Speidel as “spiritus rex” of the traditional colaboration between Brazil and Germany in the field of forestry and landscape research. Looking at the current state of the World, I think we are all aware that an increasing degree of environmental sciences expertise will be required in the future. The importance of the world’s renewable resources will increase and the future of the population not only in developing countries but also in developed countries will largely depend on the question if we are able to implement sustainable management strategies. I think the expertise which is assembled here in this room today is predestined and well-equipped to search answers for urgent environmental questions of mankind. The basic idea of the interdisciplinary environmental dialogue in the German-Brazilian Symposium can be visualized by a concept adapted from wildlife ecology: Removing a mortality factor of a population does not reduce the mortality of the individuals proportionally to the effect of the removed factor. The same applies, if we try to