V393 R46 q Y 4 xw __ TRAINING MANUAL ON PROGRAMMING FOR THE IBM 704 by Carl L. Tibery April 1960 Report 1368 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page A B ST R A C T ...................... ......................................................................... 1....................1 IN T R O D U C T IO N .................................................................................................................. 1 USE OF THE CONTROL CARDS .........................................................................................2 CHAPTER I - ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION ................................................................3 CHAPTER II - MULTIPLICATION AND DIVISION ..........................................................10 CHAPTER III - INDEX REGISTERS AND THEIR USE ....................................................15 CHAPTER IV - FLOW CHARTS ..........................................................................................20 CHAPTER V - AUTOMATIC PROGRAMMING ...................................................................26 CHAPTER VI - BELL INPUT-OUTPUT SYSTEM ............................................................32 CHAPTER VII - SUBROUTINES ..........................................................................................36 CHAPTER VIII - NUMBERS IN MACHINE LANGUAGE .................................................46 CHAPTER IX - INSTRUCTIONS IN MACHINE LANGUAGE ...........................................54 CHAPTER X - LOGICAL OPERATIONS ...........................................................................60 I CHAPTER XI - PROGRAM CHECKING ..............................................................................71 CHAPTER XII - READING AND WRITING ON TAPE .....................................................80 CHAPTER XIII - FORTRAN, AN AUTO"ATIC CODING SYSTEM .................................90 A C KN OW L ED G ME N T ..............................................................................................................94 APPENDIX A - OPERATIONS BY ALPHABETIC CODE ...............................................95 APPENDIX B - INSTRUCTIONS TO THE SAP AND BELL SYSTEMS ..........................96 APPENDIX C - DECIMAL, BINARY, AND OCTAL NUMBER SYSTEMS ......................97 R E F E R E N C E S ..........................................................................................................................105 B IB L IO G R A P H Y ......................................................................................................................105 IND E X ........................................................................................................................................1 0 7 I _ -, I . * ___ _~_ _I LIST OF FIGURES Page Figure 1 - Contents of the Core Units ............................................................................ 4 Figure 2 - Sam ple Coding Form .......................................................................................... 4 F igure 3 - A n IB M C ard .................................................................................................... 5 Figure 4 - An IBM Card with the Instruction ADD 121 ................................................. 6 Figure 5 - Program to Add Two Numbers ........................................................................ 7 Figure 6 - Representation of the Product ....................................................................... 10 F igure 7 - Product of 6 x 4 ................................................. ............................................ 10 Figure 8 - Program to Evaluate the Product of-Two Numbers ..................................... 11 Figure 9 - Representation of the Dividend ..................................................................... 11 Figure 10 - Program to Evaluate the Quotient of Two Numbers .................................... 12 Figure 11 - Program to Find the Sum of Ten Numbers Using an Index Register .......... 17 Figure 12 - Program to Place Sum of Each Pair of Numbers in Consecutive L ocations .......................................................................................................... 21 Figure 13 - A Logical Choice ............................................................................................. 21 Figure 14 - An Evaluation of a Formula ........................................................................... 21 Figure 15 - Counting Symbol ............................................................................................... 22 F igure 16 - A C onnector ....................................................................................................... 22 Figure 17 - An Assertion or Note ....................................................................................... 22 Figure 18 - Flow Chart to Evaluate yi = (x2 + 3xi - 5), i = 1,2, ... , 100 ................. 22 Figure 19 - Program Associated with the Flow Chart of Figure 18 .............................. 23 Figure 20 - Symbolic Program to Find the Sum of Ten Numbers ................................... 27 Figure 21 - Symbolic Program to Evaluate yi = (xi2 + 3xi - 5), i = 1,2, .. , 100 ..... 28 Figure 22 - Order of Instructions to Run a Symbolic Program Using SAP 3-7 ............ 34 Figure 23 - Flow Chart to Evaluate the Sum of Two Numbers ....................................... 37 Figure 24 - Symbolic Program Associated with Flow Chart of Figure 23 .................... 37 Y""LnX~~~~~~wir~n - --- ----- - 1l. MI Y lillIII M IIIi i ii Page Figure 25 - SHARE Subroutine for Evaluating TAN X ..................................................... 39 Figure 26 - Flow Chart to Evaluate the TAN X Using a SHARE Subroutine ............... 40 Figure 27 - Symbolic Program Associated with Flow Chart of Figure 26 .................... 40 Figure 28 - Flow Chart Demonstrating Variable Connector ........................................... 41 Figure 29 - Program Associated with Flow Chart of Figure 28 ..................................... 42 Figure 30 - SHARE Subroutine for Evaluating the Square Root of the Absolute V alue of X ......................................................................................................... 45 Figure 31 - B its of a Core Unit ........................................................................................... 46 Figure 32 - Floating-Point Number Representation ........................................................ 47 Figure 33 - Decimal 5 in Normalized Floating-Point Binary Form ............................... 47 Figure 34 - Bits of the Accumulator ................................................................................... 47 Figure 35 - Program to Check for Overflow in Addition .................................................. 48 Figure 36 - Program to Check Whether or Not Division Takes Place ........................... 50 Figure 37 - Type A Instruction ........................................................................................... 54 Figure 38 - Type B Instruction .......................................................................................... 54 Figure 39 - SAP Printout of TIX 101,1,1 .......................................................................... 55 Figure 40 - Machine Representation of TIX 101,1,1 ....................................................... 55 Figure 41 - Octal Code for FISCAL YEAR 1959 ............................................................. 56 Figure 42 - Octal Representation of FISCAL YEAR 1959 in Core Storage ................. 56 Figure 43 - Type A Instruction ........................................................................................... 58 Figure 44 - Type B Instruction ........................................................................................... 58 Figure 45 - Program to Modify the Address of an Instruction ........................................ 60 Figure 46 - Exchange of Bits as Result of CALA .......................................................... 61 Figure 47 - Operation of ACL Y ........................................................................................ 61 Figure 48 - A Packed Word .................................................................................................. 62 Figure 49 - Extractor Pattern 1 .......................................................................................... 62 r I I Il I I 1 I II~ ------1 --------- Page Figure 50 - N1 in the c(AC)p, _, .................................................................................... 62 Figure 51 - N1 in c(MQ)s, 24-35s ....................................................................................... 63 Figure 52 -P1 in c(MQ)s, 1- 11 ........................................................................................... 63 Figure 53 - Extractor Pattern ............................................................................................... 64 Figure 54 - Location DATA Now Contains N 1 and N3 ................................................ 64 Figure 55 - Location DATA Now Contains P 1 , N2 , and N3 ....................................... 64 Figure 56a - Extractor Pattern 1 and its Octal Code ....................................................... 65 Figure 56b - Extractor Pattern 2 and its Octal Code ....................................................... 65 Figure 57 - Flow Chart for Extraction of N1 from Packed Word and Insertion of P1 into P acked Word ......................................................................................... 65 Figure 58 - Program Associated with Flow Chart