COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY A LONG TERM ADVERSE PSYCHOSOCIAL EXPERIENCE OF SURVIVORS OF HAWZEN AERIAL BOMBARDMENT By DANIEL GEBREHIWET FEBRUARY, 2018 A LONG TERM ADVERSE PSYCHOSOCIAL EXPERIENCE OF SURVIVORS OF HAWZEN AERIAL BOMBARDMENT BY DANIEL GEBREHIWET ADVISORS: 1st DR. BENYAM WORKU (MD, HEAD DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY, PSYCHIATRY CONSULTANT, AAU) 2nd PROFESSOR MESFIN ARAYA (MD, PhD, PSYCHIATRY CONSULTANT, AAU) SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY FEBRUARY, 2018 ADDIS ABABA ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCE A LONG TERM ADVERSE PSYCHOSOCIAL EXPERIENCE OF SURVIVORS OF HAWZEN AERIAL BOMBARDMENT By DANIEL GEBREHIWET Approval of the Board of Examiners: Advisors Name Signature Date Name Signature Date Internal Examiner Name Signature Date External Examiner Name Signature Date 3 Acknowledgment I would like to thank everyone who supported me throughout this thesis project. I am very grateful to all of them. First and foremost I would in particular like to express my utmost gratitude to my Advisors, Professor Mesfin Araya and Dr. Benyam Worku who guided the research and for closely following up every progress and the constructive comments, suggestions they provided at each stage of the thesis project. I have learnt from their criticism and benefited from their suggestions immensely. Without exaggeration, the diligence and the sense of professional responsibility which they guided my work was exemplary and ideal. Professor Atataly Aleme thank you for your cooperation and giving all essential information required for this work and I thank the study participants who willingly took part in this study. I would like again to appreciate Alem Aregawi (Teacher), Ato Gebrehiwet Gebreyesus (Hawzen Woreda Administrator) for their genuine support while I was generating the data. I am also very grateful and would like extend my heartfelt thanks to Theresa Bernad, Shelley McCarthy and Fisahaye Tume for their help in editing this study. Finally I owe a special debt of gratitude to my parents, Atsede Afera, Abeba Arega, Gebrehiwet Gidey, Inspector Alganesh Markos and Genet Haileselassie for their unconditional love and support all through the years. God, thank you for giving me the strength to start and complete my study 4 Table of Contents Page Content Acknowledgment............................................................................................................................. i Table of Contents............................................................................................................................ ii Abstract.............................................................................................................................................v Chapter One Introduction......................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ..................................................................................................................................3 1.2 Statement of the problem.............................................................................................................6 1.3 Objectives ....................................................................................................................................7 1.3.2 General Objectives....................................................................................................................7 1.3.3 Specific Objectives ...................................................................................................................7 1.4 Significance of the Study.............................................................................................................8 1.5 Scope of the Study .......................................................................................................................8 1.6 Limitation of the Study................................................................................................................8 1.7 Operational Definition of Terms..................................................................................................9 Chapter Two Review of Related Literature..........................................................................................................10 2.1 The Meaning and Nature of Psychosocial Experience ................................................................10 2.2 Understanding the Impact of Trauma .........................................................................................11 2.3 Coping with Traumatic Stress......................................................................................................12 2.4 Theoretical Frame Work..............................................................................................................14 2.4.1 Psychodynamic Approach ......................................................................................................16 2.4.2 Cognitive Behavioral Approach .............................................................................................16 3.4.3 Biological Approach ...............................................................................................................16 5 2.5 Understanding the Trauma Survivor’s ........................................................................................17 2.6 Psychological Problems ...............................................................................................................18 2.7 Psychosocial Interventions Following Traumatic Events ...........................................................20 Chapter Three Research Methods...........................................................................................................................24 3.2 Research Design...........................................................................................................................24 3.3 Study Area ...................................................................................................................................24 3.4 Population and Sampling .............................................................................................................24 3.4.1Population ..................................................................................................................................24 3.4.2 Sampling ...................................................................................................................................25 3.5 Participants...................................................................................................................................25 3.5.1 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria...............................................................................................25 3.6 Sampling Procedure ....................................................................................................................25 3.7 Instrument of Data Collection......................................................................................................26 3.8 Data Collection Procedure ...........................................................................................................26 3.9 Methods of data Analysis.............................................................................................................27 3.10 Data Management.......................................................................................................................27 3.11 Ethical Consideration.................................................................................................................28 Chapter Four Result and Data Analysis.................................................................................................................29 4. 1 Psychosocial Problem of the survivors of the air bombardment and their Coping mechanisms ...........................................................................................................................31 4.1.1 Psychological Problems of Hawzen Air riads survivors...........................................................31 4.1.2 Social Problems of Hawzen Air raid survivors.........................................................................43 4.1.3 Coping Mechanisms of Psychosocial Problems .......................................................................48 4.1.3.1 Emotion Based Coping Mechanisms .....................................................................................48 4.1.3.2 Situation Based Coping Mechanisms ....................................................................................52 6 Chapter Five Discussion..........................................................................................................................................56 5.1 Psychosocial Problem of the survivors of the air bombardment .................................................56 5.2 Coping Mechanisms of Hawzen Air Raid Survivors...................................................................59 Chapter Six Conclusion and Recommendation 6.1 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................62 6.2 Recommendation ........................................................................................................................63 References Appendixes 7 Abstract The