Canada and the States Edward William Watkin Canada and the States Table of Contents Canada and the States..............................................................................................................................................1 Edward William Watkin................................................................................................................................1 CANADA AND THE STATES, RECOLLECTIONS 1851 to 1886............................................................1 PREFACE......................................................................................................................................................2 CHAPTER I. PreliminaryOne Reason why I went to the Pacific...............................................................4 CHAPTER II. Towards the PacificLiverpool to Quebec..........................................................................12 CHAPTER III. To the PacificMontreal to Port Moody.............................................................................15 CHAPTER IV. Canadian Pacific Railways.................................................................................................20 CHAPTER V. A British Railway from the Atlantic to the Pacific..............................................................22 CHAPTER VI. Port MoodyVictoriaSan Francisco to Chicago..............................................................25 CHAPTER VII. Negociations as to the Intercolonial Railway; and North−West Transit and Telegraph , 1861 to 1864...............................................................................................................................................30 CHAPTER VIII. Negociations for Purchase of the Hudson's Bay Property...............................................46 CHAPTER IX. The Right Honorable Edward Ellice, M.P..........................................................................51 CHAPTER X. The Select Committee, on Hudson's Bay Affairs, of 1857..................................................53 CHAPTER XI. Re−organization of Hudson's Bay Company.....................................................................54 CHAPTER XII. The Hudson's Bay Company and the Select Committee of 1748−9.................................76 CHAPTER XIII. The Hudson's Bay Poststo−day .....................................................................................81 CHAPTER XIV. Uncertain Sounds ........................................................................................................84 CHAPTER XV. Governor Dallas. .........................................................................................................92 CHAPTER XVI. The Honorable Thomas d'Arcy McGee.........................................................................104 CHAPTER XVII. 1851.First Visit to America: a Reason for it..............................................................116 CHAPTER XVIII. The Reciprocity Treaty with the United States...........................................................134 CHAPTER XIX. The Defences of Canada................................................................................................155 CHAPTER XX. Intended Route for a Pacific Railway in 1863................................................................160 CHAPTER XXI. Letters from Sir George E. CartierQuestion of Honors...............................................162 CHAPTER XXII. DisraeliBeaconsfield. .................................................................................................170 CHAPTER XXIII. Visits to Quebec and Portland, and Letters Home, 1861............................................177 i Canada and the States Edward William Watkin This page copyright © 2002 Blackmask Online. http://www.blackmask.com • CANADA AND THE STATES, RECOLLECTIONS 1851 to 1886. • PREFACE. • CHAPTER I. Preliminary−−One Reason why I went to the Pacific. • CHAPTER II. Towards the Pacific−−Liverpool to Quebec. • CHAPTER III. To the Pacific−−Montreal to Port Moody . • CHAPTER IV. Canadian Pacific Railways. • CHAPTER V. A British Railway from the Atlantic to the Pacific. • CHAPTER VI. Port Moody−−Victoria−−San Francisco to Chicago. • CHAPTER VII. Negociations as to the Intercolonial Railway; and North−West Transit and Telegraph, 1861 to 1864. • CHAPTER VIII. Negociations for Purchase of the Hudson's Bay Property. • CHAPTER IX. The Right Honorable Edward Ellice, M.P. • CHAPTER X. The Select Committee, on Hudson's Bay Affairs, of 1857. • CHAPTER XI. Re−organization of Hudson's Bay Company. • CHAPTER XII. The Hudson's Bay Company and the Select Committee of 1748−9. • CHAPTER XIII. The Hudson's Bay Posts−−to−day. • CHAPTER XIV. "Uncertain Sounds" • CHAPTER XV. "Governor Dallas." • CHAPTER XVI. The Honorable Thomas d'Arcy McGee. • CHAPTER XVII. 1851.−−First Visit to America: a Reason for it. • CHAPTER XVIII. The Reciprocity Treaty with the United States. • CHAPTER XIX. The Defences of Canada. • CHAPTER XX. Intended Route for a Pacific Railway in 1863. • CHAPTER XXI. Letters from Sir George E. Cartier−−Question of Honors. • CHAPTER XXII. Disraeli−−Beaconsfield. • CHAPTER XXIII. Visits to Quebec and Portland, and Letters Home, 1861. Produced by Michelle Shephard, Juliet Sutherland, Charles Franks and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team. This file was produced from images generously made available by the Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions. CANADA AND THE STATES, RECOLLECTIONS 1851 to 1886. BY SIR E. W. WATKIN, BART., M.P. If the Maritime Provinces [of Britain] would join us, spontaneously, to−daysterile as they may be in the soil under a sky of steelstill with their hardy population, their harbours, fisheries, and seamen, they would greatly strengthen and improve our position, and aid us in our struggle for equality upon the ocean. If we would succeed upon the deep, we must either maintain our fisheries or ABSORB THE PROVINCES. Canada and the States 1 Canada and the States E. H. DERBY, Esq, Report to the Revenue Commissioners of the United States, 1866. [Illustration: The Duke of Newcastle, K.G.] In the absence of any formal Dedication, I feel that to no one could the following pages be more appropriately inscribed than to Lady Watkin. On her have fallen the anxieties of our home life during my many long absences away on the American Continentwhich Continent she once, in 1862, visited with me. My business, in relation to Canada, has, from time to time, been undertaken with her knowledge, and under her good advice; and no one has been animated with a stronger hope for Canada, as a great integral part of the Empire of the Queen, than herself. E. W. WATKIN. ROSE HILL, NORTHENDEN, 2nd May, 1887. PREFACE. The following pages have been written at the request of many old friends, some of them co−workers in the cause of permanent British rule over the larger part of the Great Northern Continent of America. In 1851 I visited Canada and the United States as a mere tourist, in search of health. In 1861 I went there on an anxious mission of business; and for some years afterwards I frequently crossed the Atlantic, not only during the great Civil War between the North and South, but, also, subsequent to its close. In 1875 I had to undertake another mission of responsibility to the United States. And, last year, I traversed the Dominion of Canada from Belle Isle to the Pacific. I returned home by San Francisco and the Union Pacific Railways to Chicago; and by Montreal to New York. Thence to Liverpool, in that unsurpassed steamer, the Etruria, of the grand old Cunard line. I ended my visits to America, as I began them, as a tourist. This passage was my thirtieth crossing of the Atlantic Ocean. Within the period from 1851 to 1886, history on the North American Continent has been a wonderful romance. Never in the older stories of the world's growth, have momentous changes been effected, and, apparently, consolidated, in so short a time, or in such rapid succession. Regarding the United States, the slavery of four millions of the negro race is abolished for ever, and the black men vote for Presidents. A great struggle for empirefought on gigantic measurehas been won for liberty and union. Turning to Canada, the British half of the Continent has been moulded into one great unity, and faggotted together, without the shedding of one drop of brothers' bloodand in so tame and quiet a way, that the great silent forces of Nature have to be cited, to find a parallel. In this period, the American Continent has been spanned by three main routes of iron−road, uniting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans: and one of these main routes passes exclusively through British territorythe Dominion of Canada. The problem of a North−west Passage has been solved in a new and better way. It is no longer a question of threading dark and dismal seas within the limits of Arctic ice and snow, doubtful to find, and impossible, if found, to navigate. Now, the two oceans are reached by land, and a fortnight suffices for the conveyance of our people from London or Liverpool to or from the great Pacific, on the way to the great East. Anyone who reads what follows will learn that I am an Imperialistthat I hate little−Englandism. That, so far as PREFACE. 2 Canada and the States my puny forces would go, I struggled for the union of the Canadian Provinces, in order that they might be retained under the sway of the best form of governmenta limited monarchy, and under the best government of that formthe beneficent rule of our Queen Victoria. I like to say our Queen: