Sustainable Management of Marginal Drylands SUMAMAD: Figure 1. Experimental plots (SI BZ1 and SI BZ4) treated with artificial recharge of ground water and the control plot Drylands Managing On Insights New Figure 2. Hippos in a pond FigureFigure 5. 2. Targeted Soil Investigationgrazing locations (1: (left) Al Qanees, and 2: measurement Khraqah, 3: Wadi Om of Laila, vegetation cover (Right) at and 4: Om Al Fotos) in Al Barrah area. initial stage. SI (BZ1) Control 2 3 4 SI (BZ4) SI (BZ1) 2 New Insights On Managing Drylands Eighth International Workshop Alexandria (Egypt) The SUMAMAD Project is funded by the Flemish Government of Belgium Sustainable Management of Marginal Drylands New Insights On Managing Drylands Eighth International Workshop Alexandria (Egypt) 6–9 November 2010 1 Sustainable Management of Marginal Drylands THE WORKSHOP ORGANIZERS New Insights On Managing Drylands Eighth International Workshop Alexandria (Egypt) 6–9 November 2010 THE INSTITUTIONAL PARTNERS The authors are responsible for the choice and the presentation of the facts contained in this book and for the opinions expressed therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO or any of the specialized agencies of the United Nations system.The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the UNESCO Secretariat concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published in 2012 by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization New Insights On Managing Drylands 7, place de Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, France Man and Biosphere Programme Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences Preface 1, rue Miollis, 75352 Paris 15 SP, France Fax: (33-1) 45 68 58 04 By Thomas Schaaf, MAB-UNESCO 7 http://www.unesco.org/mab Managing Sustainability of New Quinoa Production Systems through Farming Systems Management and Market Insertion. Bolivia – Bolivian Highlands (Altiplano) © UNESCO 2012 All rights reserved By Magali Garcia Cardenas and Jorge Cusicanqui, Institute of Agricultural Research and Natural Resources of 9 the Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Mayor de San Andres, Bolivia Promotion of Alternative Activities for Sustainable Agriculture and Conservation in the Mare aux Hippopotames Biosphere Reserve in Burkina Faso ISBN 978-92-3-001050-8 By Jean Noël Poda, Mamounata Belem and Ollo Théophile Dibloni, Centre Nationale pour 21 la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique (CNRST), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso Sustainable Management of the Restored Hunshandake Sandland: Basic Scientific The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression Research and Income Generation of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. By Jiang Gaoming and Miezhen Liu, Laboratory of Vegetation Science and Environmental Change, 33 The Chinese Academy of Sciences, People’s Republic of China The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. Omayed Biosphere Reserve Cover photos (clockwise from top left): Community surface water reservoir for irrigation of crops By Boshra Salem, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Alexandria, Egypt 43 in Bharamsar khadin, India / © T. K. Bhati; Participants at national workshop in Egypt / © Boshra Salem; Technological Interventions for Sustainable Management of Drylands Soil investigation and measurement of pre-project vegetation cover, Pakistan / © Zamir Ahmed Soomro; in Western Rajasthan, India Sheep manure application, Bolivian Highlands / © Jorge Cusicanqui By M. M. Roy, T. K. Bhati and P. Santra, Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India 64 Back cover photos (clockwise from top left): Farmers from Bayinhushu Gacha, China / ©Jiang Gaoming; Soil sampling, Tunisia / © Ken De Sadeleer, University of Gent; AQUITOPIA (An aquifer management-based utopia), Gareh Bygone Plain, Experimental plots, Islamic Republic of Iran / © Mansour Esfandiari Baiat, Mehrdad Mohammadnia Islamic Republic of Iran and Mohammad Hossein Ravanbakhsh; Hippos in a pond, Burkina Faso / © Jean Noël Poda, Mamounata Belem and Ollo Théophile Dibloni; By Mansour Esfandiari Baiat, Mehrdad Mohammadnia and Mohammad Hossein Ravanbakhsh, 71 Targeted grazing locations in the Al Barrah area, Jordan / © Maen Smadi and Mohamad Yousef Islamic Republic of Iran Series Editor: Thomas Schaaf Development of a Community-based Management Scheme in Dana Biosphere Reserve, Jordan Publication Editors: Cathy Lee and Melody Ocloo Graphic design: Sitthisack Viraphong By Maen Smadi and Mohamad Yousef, The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature, Jordan 87 Cover design: Sitthisack Viraphong Typeset: Cathy Lee Rehabilitation of Degraded Dryland Rangelands through Scientific Management of Land, Water Printed by: UNESCO and Vegetation Resources and Grazing Systems in Lal Sohanra Biosphere Reserve, Pakistan By Muhammat Akram and Engr. Zamir Ahmed Soomro, Pakistan Council of Research in 101 Water Resources Regional office, Bahawalpur, Pakistan Watershed of Zeuss-Khoutine and Bou-Hedma Biosphere Reserve, Tunisia By Mohammed Ouessar, Houcine Taamallah, Mongi Sghaier, Azaiez Ouled Belgacem and Houcine Khatteli, 111 Printed in UNESCO, Paris, France. Institut des régions arides, Tunisia Preface By Thomas Schaaf, MAB-UNESCO The second phase of the Sustainable Management of Marginal Drylands (SUMAMAD-2) project began in 2009 following a preparatory meeting on the project held on 3–6 June 2008 in Amman and the Dana Biosphere Reserve, Jordan, and was hosted by the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN). Thanks to generous financial support provided by the Flemish Government of Belgium through UNESCO, and counterpart funding from the participating country teams and institutions, we have been able to extend SUMAMAD-2 to other world regions to include South America (Bolivia) and Africa (Burkina Faso). This geographic range allows us to share dryland management experience and expertise among researchers in Africa, Arab States, Asia, Europe and Latin America. The objectives of SUMAMAD-2 now focus on the following themes: Fostering scientific drylands research • Improvement of dryland agriculture (crop and livestock production) through the sustainable use of natural resources, focusing on sustainable water conservation and harvesting practices. • Restoration and rehabilitation of degraded drylands, focusing on biodiversity conservation and the sustainable use of natural biotic resources. Preparation of policy-relevant guidelines for decision-makers in drylands • Developing scenarios for land-use changes (also in the context of climate change), including the assessment of trade-offs and the economic valuation of dryland services. • Interfacing with relevant policy-formulation institutions and processes in the respective countries. Promoting sustainable livelihoods in drylands • Encouraging alternative income-generating activities and the diversification of economic options, such as ecotourism, handicraft production, forage, medicinals and dietary diversification, in order to reduce dependencies on traditional dryland agriculture. A cross-cutting objective is to strengthen capacity-building in all study sites through training schemes on environmental research and conservation, study visits among field project partners, and environmental education in formal and non- formal contexts (such as using the UNESCO Teaching Resource Kit for Dryland Countries). UNESCO Headquarters, in collaboration with the UNESCO-New Delhi Office and India’s Central Arid Zone Research Institute (CAZRI), organized the Seventh international SUMAMAD Project Workshop in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India, on 22–23 November 2009. This workshop was held in conjunction with CAZRI’s international conference on ‘Nurturing Arid Zones for People and The Environment: Issues and Agenda for the 21st Century’, which was held in Jodhpur on 24–28 November 2009 so that SUMAMAD project scientists could attend the CAZRI conference. 7 The Eighth International SUMAMAD Project Workshop was held in Alexandria, Egypt, on 6–9 November 2010 at the Managing Sustainability of Quinoa Production Systems Bibliotheca Alexandrina, and was held back-to-back with the ‘First Students’ Sciences Conference’ focusing on the theme of biodiversity. The SUMAMAD team leader for Egypt, Prof. Boshra Salem, in collaboration with the UNESCO- through Farming Systems Management and Market Insertion. Cairo Office, organized both the workshop and the conference. A one-day field trip was organized to Omayed Biosphere Reserve. I wish to thank our colleague Prof. Boshra Salem for her excellent efforts in making this workshop a great Bolivia – Bolivian Highlands (Altiplano) success. The workshop proceedings provide information on the manifold activities and accomplishment achieved by the project so far. By Magali Garcia Cardenas and Jorge Cusicanqui, Institute of Agricultural Research The Ninth International SUMAMAD Project Workshop is currently scheduled to take place in Burkina Faso in December and Natural Resources of the Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Mayor de San 2011 following an offer from the national team leader of Burkina Faso. We look forward