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Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 76-15,814 LOGSDON, Guy William, 1934- THE UNIVERSITY OF TULSA: A HISTORY FROM 1882 TO 1972. The University of Oklahoma, Ed.D,, 1975 Education, history Xerox University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan4sio6 © 1976 GUY WILLIAM LOGSDON ALL RIGHTS RESERVED THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. THE UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE THE UNIVERSITY OF TULSA; A HISTORY FROM 1882 TO 1972 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION BY GUY WILLIAM LOGSDON Tulsa, Oklahoma 1975 THE ÜNIVERSITY OF TULSA; A HISTORY FROM 1882 TO 1972 APPROVED BY Pulliam D^>-iléyâ Williams Dr. Glenn Snider Dr. Laveme Carroll PREFACE The University of Tulsa is an unique educational institution, in that its origin lies in the efforts of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions to evangelize American Indian girls through education. Orig­ inally a Presbyterian School for Creek Indian girls, the school changed goals, directions, locations, and names before becoming firmly establish­ ed as a private non-denominational university in Tulsa. Through its years of growing pains, its governance slowly changed from the Boaurd of Home Missions to a self-perpetuating board of trustees whose membership has been and is derived primarily from individ­ uals in the petroleum industry. In fact, the University's existence from its move to Tulsa in 1907 to its present position of financial security and stability lies, primarily, in the community-educational interests of persons who became known, or were known, throughout the world as individ­ ualists in the oil industry. It is doubtful that any other institution has been or is as totally dependent on the petroleum industry. Also, most of the silent partners of the University were and are Tulsans. This study is for the purpose of delineating the heritage of the University. Hopefully, cilumni, students, faculty, administrators, and friends will develop a greater appreciation for this institution that was at one time a private denominational school organized to serve a fêâth iii and a minority. It is a firm belief of this writer that to know where emd how to continue to travel, it is necessary to know where and how one has been traveling. To have strength is first to have a purpose and a goal, and heritage provides a foundation for purpose and goals. Equally as im­ portant, heritage can provide appreciation and humility, which are essential for a soul— even within institutions. It is hoped that this study will be a foundation for further studies of the heritage of The University of Tulsa. No attempt was undertaken to make an in-depth study of curriculum, student life, faculty development, or departmental histories. Instead this is a general overview of the institution; the termination date was established as 1972. My role as a member of the University family since 1967 has, no doubt, created some prejudicial interpretation, but I have attempted to be objective. Also, only a short overview of the institution­ al development from 1967 to 1972 has been attempted. As Director of Libraries, I had access to numerous archival documents over a period of seven years prior to writing this dissertation; ny familiarity with what is in the University Archives made possible a thorough search of all university documents that are known to exist. Also, my relationship with the school created an aweureness of the location of essential materials that are not owned by the University. Documents in the Presbyterian Historical Society in Philadelphia, in the Okladioma Historical Society in Oklahoma City, and in the First Presbyterian Church of Muskogee were studied as the result of visits to each institution. My appreciation of the members on my committee is sincere. Dr. John Pulliam has offered much assistance and encouragement, and he iv accepted the responsibility of directing my work when it would have been easier to refuse. I am grateful. Dr. Lloyd Williams, Dr. Glenn Snider, and Dr. Laveme Carroll have, also, been generous with their time and compassion. This study would not have been possible without the support of President J. Paschal Twyman and the Board of Trustees who approved a leave of absence that allowed me to pursue my terminal degree. The library staff is appreciated for being tolerant and sympathetic during the yeaurs; they represent a competent staff who operated with confidence and skill. I express my appreciation to Gerald Gillette and the Presby­ terian Historical Society, to Dorothy Ball of Muskogee, to Martha Blaine and the Oklahoma Historical Society, to Dorothy Joslin and the First Presbyterian Church of Tulsa, to Ben Henneke, Hawley Kerr, Eugene Sweauringen, John Rogers, George Metzel, Richard Brown and to the mauiy others who helped me. I appreciate my friends who have encouraged me and to Donna Coover who worked diligently at typing the first draft from my handwritten manuscript. And I particularly appreciate John Hayes and Pauline Crawford; John gave permission to me to read the Minutes of the Board of Trustees and Pauline graciously took the time to make them avail­ able at my convenience. Finally, my wife and daughters did not leave me during the years while I worked toward the completion of this project; life for them would have been easier and more pleasant if they had. t a b l e o f c o n t e n t s Page INTRODUCTION....................................................... 1 Chapter I. PRESBYTERIAN SCHOOL FOR INDIAN GIRLS; 1882-1894 ............... 15 II. HENRY KENDALL COLLEGE: 1894-1907 ............................ 36 III. HENRY KENDALL COLLEGE IN TULSA: 1907-1921 84 IV. THE UNIVERSITY OF TULSA: 1921-1935 .......................... 156 V. THE PONTIUS YEARS: 1935-1958 ................................ 210 VI. THE HENNEKE YEARS: 1958-1967 ................................ 282 VII. SWEARINGEN AND TWYMAN: 1967-1972 . 328 APPENDIX 1 - EIGHTH AMENDED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF T U L S A ........................... 348 APPENDIX 2 - LIST OF OFFICERS AND TRUSTEES............................ 356 APPENDIX 3 - OFFICIAL SE A L ............................................. 368 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................... 369 VI THE UNIVERSITY OF TULSA: A HISTORY - 1882 TO 1972 INTRODUCTION PRESBYTERIAN EDUCATION IN THE CREEK NATION, INDIAN TERRITORY In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries much of the land within the political boundaries of present day Oklahoma was possessed by the Osage Indians. Their culture and traditions had been practiced with­ out interruption for centuries. In 1803 the lamd became the property of the United States through the Louisiaina Purchase, and within a few yeeurs after acquiring it the Federal Government started negotiations to remove the Indian nations that resided within the southern United States to a new home designated as Indian Territory, which was basically the present po­ litical boundaries of Oklahoma and which was in great part the Osage's land. The first migration to the new territory was in 1809 when a few southern Cherokees agreed to move to the lands west of the Mississippi River. During the following thirty years entire Indian nations were often forcibly removed from their homes in the East to new homes in Indian Territory. The early intrusion of Cherokee Indians into Osage territory created clashes between the two groups. Those periods of violence made it necessctry to establish military forts within the region to suppress up­ risings and intertribal violence. In 1817 Fort Smith was the first to be established for that purpose. By 1824 it became necessary to establish -2- additional forts of which Fort Gibson, Indian Territory, was one. Fort Gibson was constructed near the trading fort of Colonel A. P. Chouteau who had been engaged very successfully in trading with the Indians of the region for at least ten years prior. The settlement around which the Indian, military, and trading mixture grew was known as Three Forks, for it was near the confluence of the Arkansas, Verdigris, and Grand Rivers.