DaMocles SS 2014 Gruppe H Chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide 7-chloro-2-methylamino-5-phenyl-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-4-oxide Titzian Venter Kabelan Thavayogarajah Felix Spiske Katharina Wennemann 1 T. Venter, K. Thavayogarajah, F. Spiske, K. Wennemann DaMocles SS 2014 Gruppe H Chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide is a medication against fear and pain. It was discovered by Leo Sternbach. Its main group are the Benzodiazepine. The main structure of a Benzodiazepine is a diazepine and a benzene ring: The most famous Benzodiazepine is 'Valium'. Its chemical name is Diazepam. It was made out of Chlordiazepoxid, by Leo Sternbach. 'Valium' has a great value for mankind. Another famous Benzodiazepine is 'Rohypnol' (Flunitrazepam). These are some derivates. They differentiate a lot from Chlordiazepoxide. 2 T. Venter, K. Thavayogarajah, F. Spiske, K. Wennemann DaMocles SS 2014 Gruppe H Chlordiazepoxide Synthesis: The synthesis starts with a 2-amino-5-chlorobenzophenone. It reacts with hydroxylamine (NH2OH) and chloroacetic acid (ClCH2COCl) to 6-chloro-2- chloromethyl-4-phenylquinazolin3-oxide. This intermediate has an ring expansion, when boiled with methylamine and reacts to chlordiazepoxide. Use: Chlordiazepoxid is used against fear, pain, stress and thrill. It can also be used as a sleeping pill, thought this isn't its main use. It relaxes the muscles and gives a comforting feeling. These are the reasons, why Chlordiazepoxid is sometimes use as a drug. The main side effect is an intense addiction. Others are tiredness, headaches, amnesia, depressions or even death, only when overdosed. 3 T. Venter, K. Thavayogarajah, F. Spiske, K. Wennemann DaMocles SS 2014 Gruppe H Chlordiazepoxide Effect: Chlordiazepoxide and its derivates bind on their receptor in the central nervous system (CNS). There it multiplies the inhibitor effect of gama-Aminobutric acid (GABA). GABA is the main inhibitor in the CNS. Chlordiazepoxid counteracts the symptoms of a disease, but not the causes. Its half-life period is extremely long (up to 35 hours). History: In 1955 Leo Sternbach synthesised Chlordiazepoxid by accident. Its value was discovered two years later. 'Hofmann La-Roche' sold it since then and Chlordiazepoxid and its derivates became irreplaceable. In 1963 Chlordiazepoxide was replaced by its reaction product Diazepam. Leo Sternbach was born in 1908 in Croatia und died 2005 in the USA. He was an Jewish chemist and its biggest success was the discovery of Chlordiazepoxid and most of its derivates. His work for Hofmann La- Roche made this company so successful. It is the fifth largest pharma company worldwide. Links: http://www.onmeda.de/Wirkstoffe/Chlordiazepoxid.html 29.6.14 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlordiazepoxide 9.7.14 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzodiazepine 9.7.14 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazepam 9.7.14 http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93-Aminobutters%C3%A4ure 9.7.14 4 T. Venter, K. Thavayogarajah, F. Spiske, K. Wennemann .