The strategic implementation of Free Software in business This course was developed by: Shane Martin Coughlan and Ciarán O©Riordan from Free Software Foundation Europe Shane can be contacted at <[email protected]> Ciarán can be contacted at <[email protected]> Copyright © 2008 Free Software Foundation Europe except where stated otherwise. Verbatim copying and distribution of this entire document is permitted in any medium, provided this notice is preserved. Version 5 1 Table of Contents Disclaimer.............................................................................................................................................4 Introduction..........................................................................................................................................5 What will you get from this course? ....................................................................................................6 What is the target group of this course?...............................................................................................6 What previous knowledge is required?.................................................................................................6 Intro: Perspectives.................................................................................................................................7 What is Free Software?...............................................................................................................7 How is Free Software different to proprietary software?............................................................7 Can businesses use Free Software?.............................................................................................7 Can products be created using Free Software? ..........................................................................7 Case studies: applications...........................................................................................................7 Case studies: embedded devices ................................................................................................8 Terminology................................................................................................................................8 Status of Free Software usage...............................................................................................................9 Who uses Free Software?............................................................................................................9 Who has Free Software based revenue models?.........................................................................9 Copyleft ± the share-alike licences.....................................................................................................10 What types of licence exist?......................................................................................................10 How does Copyleft work? ........................................................................................................10 What licences use Copyleft? ....................................................................................................10 How can Copyleft be applied to projects? ................................................................................10 Can that be compatible with business?.....................................................................................10 Why is that?...............................................................................................................................10 Case study: GNU/Linux and the BSD derivatives....................................................................11 Case study: Licence switching..................................................................................................11 Business adoption...............................................................................................................................12 How can Free Software licensing fit into your business model? .............................................12 How can products be differentiated from their code? ..............................................................12 Does Free Software mean free products? .................................................................................12 How can Free Software be sold? ..............................................................................................12 Approval flow diagram.............................................................................................................13 Project management ...........................................................................................................................14 How are Free Software projects different to proprietary projects? ..........................................14 How can communities be combined with project coherency? .................................................14 How can a project avoid legal problems? .................................................................................14 Licensing choices................................................................................................................................15 How can you choose the right Free Software licence? .............................................................15 How can you apply a Free Software licence to your project? ..................................................15 Dual licensing.....................................................................................................................................16 What is dual-licensing? ............................................................................................................16 How can dual-licensing benefit a project? ...............................................................................16 What problems are associated with dual-licensing? .................................................................16 When should you choose dual-licensing? ................................................................................16 Case study: MySQL .................................................................................................................16 2 Case study: QT .........................................................................................................................16 Consolidation / copyright assignment.................................................................................................18 How can you manage copyright assignment? ...........................................................................18 How can a project ensure legal maintainability? ......................................................................18 Trademarks and commercialisation....................................................................................................19 How can value be built using a brand? .....................................................................................19 Case study: Red Hat Enterprise Linux .....................................................................................19 Case study: Mozilla Firefox ......................................................................................................19 How can trademarks be used to ensure coherent branding? .....................................................19 How can Free Software licences and trademarks work together? ............................................19 Adoption and transition......................................................................................................................21 What are the advantages of Free Software licensing? ..............................................................21 What are the problems associated with Free Software licensing? ...........................................21 Case studies: Projects like the Linux kernel .............................................................................21 Case studies: Projects like Java ................................................................................................21 FSFE and FTF....................................................................................................................................22 Where can you go for more information?.................................................................................22 Where can you go for help?......................................................................................................22 Background reading............................................................................................................................23 An overview of Free Software licensing and the Freedom Task Force.........................................24 The definition of Free Software ....................................................................................................30 Free Software in Europe ...............................................................................................................33 The GNU GPL version 2...............................................................................................................42 GPLv3: Simplicity and Length......................................................................................................50 The GNU GPL version 3...............................................................................................................52 The Fiduciary Licence Agreement ................................................................................................67 3 Disclaimer This document