1966 January Volume No XII No 1 1995 Content Foreign Affairs Record 1966 Vol. XII JANUARY No. 1 CONTENTS PAGE HOME AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS President's Republic Day Message 1 Prime Minister's Broadcast to the Nation on Republic Day 2 PAKISTAN Indo-Pakistan Agreement on Withdrawal of Troops 4 POLAND Protocol under Indo-Polish Shipping Treaty 7 TASHKENT SUMMIT Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri's Speech at the Opening Session 7 Tashkent Declaration 9 Sardar Swaran Singh's Broadcast to the Nation on Tashkent Declaration 10 TANZANIA First India-Tanzania Trade Agreement 12 India-Tanzania Friendship Agreement 13 UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS New Five-Year Indo-Soviet Trade Agreement 13 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Indo-U.S. Fertilizer Loan Agreement 16 MINISTRY OF EXTERNAL AFFAIRS: EXTERNAL PUBLICITY DIVISION GOVERNMENT OF INDIA PAKISTAN POLAND UZBEKISTAN TANZANIA INDIA USA Date : Jan 01, 1966 Volume No XII No 1 1995 HOME AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS President's Republic Day Message The President Dr. Radhakrishnan, broadcast on January 25, 1966 the following message to the nation and to the Indian nationals abroad on the eve of the seventeenth Republic Day (Jan. 26): Friends, I am glad to have this opportunity, on the eve of the seventeenth Republic Day, to say a few words to our nationals at home and abroad. The year just passed has been a difficult one. Only a fortnight ago, we lost Shri Lal Bahadur Shastri, whose name will be remembered in our history. Men live in people's minds not for the wealth they amass, or the power they wield, or the positions they occupy. All these are ephe- meral. Even memories of heroic deeds and stir- ring events fade away. What endures is the moral example we leave behind. Lal Bahadur was a treat servant of the Indian people and was dedi- cated to peace and progress. In the unfortunate armed conflict with Pakistan he did not shrink from the use of force in the cause of just self- defence. Our fighting forces enhanced their pres- tige and honour by their many deeds of daring and skill, courage and sacrifice. It is a tragedy that in the lives of nations, as of men, 'we are obliged to use force and indulge in wars some- times, before we settle down to ways of peace. TASHKENT DECLARATION Thanks to the good offices of the Soviet Union and its Prime Minister, Mr. Kosygin, the Presi- dent of Pakistan and our Prime Minister went to Tashkent to discuss and compose their mutual differences, wherever possible. In these difficult negotiations Lal Bahadur showed unruffled calm and single-minded devotion to peace. In the Tashkent Declaration the two Governments have declared their intent to discuss all their problems in an atmosphere of peace and goodwill. No one will claim that the declaration is a perfect document. It has in it elements of give and take, compromise and conciliation. But the principles of renunciation of force for settling our disputes, the observance of the cease-fire line and non- interference in the internal affairs of each other, if faithfully carried out. will create a friendly at- mosphere and help us to live as good neighbours. Though the ending of all wars would give us cause for rejoicing, still so long as envy, bitter- ness, fear and national passions remain in the hearts of men, that goal will be distant. The Tashkent Declaration is a major step onward on the difficult road to peace. It kindles hope for a new start in our relations with Pakistan. Let us approach our task with humility. Small nations are not innocent nor are big nations incapable of mistakes. STRENGTH OF DEMOCRACY It is an indication of the strength of our demo- cracy that in June 1964 we effected the transi- tion smoothly from Nehru to Shastri. Last week we elected with speed, dignity and order- liness a successor to Shastri. The election was a contested one and its conduct proved a victory for sheer decency in public life. The two can- didates were free from traces of bitterness or rancour. They both love the country and the ideals we cherish and our people will stand to- gether as one in facing the tremendous tasks that await us. It is our hope that the new Government, head- ed by one who was brought up in an environ- ment of exalted idea --- will carry on the torch of freedom and dem---and ---ght social, economic and political injustice, with courage, integrity and compassion. The Government should attend immediately to the food problem among others. APPETITE FOR POWER The world has suffered not so much from our love of wealth or possessions as from the appetite for power. To regulate human activities, to pro- tect mutual rights and enlarge opportunities for human fulfilment, the political arrangement of representative democracy was devised. To be successful, it requires responsible leaders who will strive with vision and imagination to preserve the freedom which has been won by the courage and sacrifice of thousands of devoted men and wo- men and not let it be lost by the selfish indiffer- ence or interference of a few, Our leaders should 1 lead the people instead of being led by them. We must educate them not to conform to the moods of the moment or the passions of the hour. We must train them to appreciate the preciousness as well as the precariousness of the democratic freedoms we possess. Our democracy detests the enslavement of the soul. The human being should not be crushed by the Organisation, power should not be wielded by a small group, policy should not dictate hatred of others, and the intimate emotional life of men should not be transformed into the life of the robots. We love our country because we love truth and justice. It is not a question of my country right or wrong. It is a question of making our country measure up to the finest image we have of her. Our society demands our loyalty and devotion since it povides us with certain liberties and helps us to realise the supreme ends of life, the four purusarthas, dharma, artha, kama and moksa. To achieve these objects. to produce free creative personalities. we have to put an end to starvation, malnutrition. epidemics, illiteracy, social inequa- lities and industrial backwardness. Nothing is so important to man as man. The results of our democracy should be seen in our villages, farms and factories. schools and hospitals. The day cannot now be far off when democracies the world over will give the highest priority to edu- cation. health. housing and care for the young, the old and the helpless. Even if we improve the conditions of life, we cannot neglect the inner life of man. Man him- self has to be changed. His chief enemy is his own unruly nature, the dark pent-up forces in him. We have been developing desires and starving purposes. Love, which is the heart's compassion, is becoming rave in this world. It must Prow wider in extent and deeper in per- ception. PEACE WITHIN AND WITHOUT Peace is in the hearts of all men of goodwill. We need peace within and without to solve our problems. If the values of civilisation are to endure, we must come to terms with our close neighbours and work for world fellowship. The grave emotional concern of thinking men today is over the present state of the world. If deep uneasiness disturbs us when we look out on the world, it only shows that a great change must come. We are trembling on its verge. Whether it is a leap forward to unmeasured prosperity or a Plunge backward to barbarism, depends on us, on what we make of the spectacular achieve- ments of science and technology. We have enough material explosives which can put an end to life on earth. Let us work for just and peaceful settlements, wherever possible, and non-proliferation of nu- clear weapons as an essential preliminary for. complete disarmament. That way lies sanity. INDIA USA PAKISTAN UZBEKISTAN CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Date : Jan 01, 1966 Volume No XII No 1 1995 HOME AND FOREIGN AFFAIRS Prime Minister's Broadcast to the Nation on Republic Day In a broadcast to the nation on the Republic Day, January, 26, 1966. The Prime Minister, Shrimati Indira Gandhi, said: Thirty-six years ago, on this very day, my voice was one of thousands repeating the histo- ric and soul-stirring words of our pledge of inde- pendence. In 1947 that pledge was fulfilled. The world knew that a new progressive force, based on democracy and secularism, had emerged. In the seventeen years that Jawaharlal Nehru was Prime Minister, the unity of this, country with its diversity of religion, community and language became a reality, democracy was born and grew roots. We took the lint steps towards securing a better life for our people by planned economic development. India's voice was always raised in the cause of the liberation of oppressed peoples, bringing hope and courage to many. It was heard beyond her frontiers as the voice of peace and reason, promoting friendship and harmony amongst nations. During his brief but memorable stewardship, Shastriji enriched the Indian tradition in his own way. He has left our country united and deter- mined to pursue our national objectives. Only yesterday we committed his mortal remains to the sacred rivers. The entire country sorrowed for the great loss. I feel his absence intensely and personally, for I worked closely with him for many years.