Naval War College Review Volume 69 Article 1 Number 4 Autumn 2016 2016 Autumn 2016 Full Issue The .SU . Naval War College Follow this and additional works at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review Recommended Citation Naval War College, The .SU . (2016) "Autumn 2016 Full Issue," Naval War College Review: Vol. 69 : No. 4 , Article 1. Available at: https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol69/iss4/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Naval War College Review by an authorized editor of U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Naval War College: Autumn 2016 Full Issue Autumn 2016 Volume 69, Number 4 Autumn 2016 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2016 1 6889_2016AutumnReviewCover.indd 1 9/15/16 2:21 PM Naval War College Review, Vol. 69 [2016], No. 4, Art. 1 Cover “General Plan of the Battle,” extracted from the original report on the battle of Jutland, as compiled by Lieutenant (junior grade) Holloway Halstead Frost and submitted on 26 November 1916 during World War I. Frost produced his detailed report within six months of the epic battle between the Grand Fleet of the Royal Navy, commanded by Admiral Sir John Jellicoe, and the Imperial German High Seas Fleet. The U.S. Navy, urged on by Rear Admiral William S. Sims, sought to draw strategic perspective on technical innovations and new doctrine and tactics from this and other World War I battles. In this issue’s “The U.S. Navy Won the Battle of Jutland,” David Kohnen—with contributions from the admirals’ grand- sons Nicholas Jellicoe and Nathaniel Sims—explains why the battle of Jutland and World War I continue to resonate within contemporary concepts concerning the future of American sea power. Courtesy of the Naval Historical Collec- tion, Naval War College, Newport, Rhode Island, and the Naval War College Visual Communications Department. https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol69/iss4/1 2 6889_2016AutumnReviewCover.indd 2 9/15/16 2:21 PM Naval War College: Autumn 2016 Full Issue NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW Autumn 2016 Volume 69, Number 4 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS 686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2016 3 6903_FrontMatter-CMYK.indd 1 9/21/16 9:10 AM Naval War College Review, Vol. 69 [2016], No. 4, Art. 1 NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS ADVISORY BOARD PRESIDENT, NAVAL WAR COLLEGE Adam Bellow Rear Adm. P. Gardner Howe III, USN Seth Cropsey PROVOST Jeffrey Kline Dr. Lewis M. Duncan Gale A. Mattox Robert A. Silano DEAN OF NAVAL WARFARE STUDIES Marin Strmecki Thomas J. Culora Dov S. Zakheim NAVAL WAR COLLEGE PRESS Carnes Lord, Editor NAVAL WAR COLLEGE REVIEW EDITORIAL BOARD Robert Ayer, Managing Editor Donald Chisholm Katherine Acosta, Associate Editor Audrey Kurth Cronin Timothy J. Demy and Brad Carter, Book Review Stephen Downes-Martin Editors Andrew Erickson Lori A. Almeida, Administrative Assistant and Col. Theodore L. Gatchel, USMC (Ret.) Circulation Manager Sean Henseler Frank Uhlig Jr., Editor Emeritus James Kraska Thomas Mangold Naval War College Review John Maurer Code 32, Naval War College Col. Mackubin Owens, USMC (Ret.) 686 Cushing Rd., Newport, RI 02841-1207 Cdr. Derek S. Reveron, USN Fax: 401.841.1071 Capt. Peter M. Swartz, USN (Ret.) DSN exchange, all lines: 841 Capt. David Teska, USCGR Website: www.usnwc.edu/press Scott C. Truver http://twitter.com/NavalWarCollege James J. Wirtz Editor, Circulation, or Business 401.841.2236 [email protected] Managing Editor 401.841.4552 [email protected] Book Reviews [email protected] Other Naval War College Offices 401.841.3089 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol69/iss4/1 4 Naval War College: Autumn 2016 Full Issue The Naval War College Review was established in 1948 as a forum for discussion of public policy matters of interest to the maritime services. The thoughts and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and are not necessarily those of the U.S. government, the U.S. Navy Department, or the Naval War College. The journal is published quarterly. Distribution is limited generally to commands and activities of the U.S. Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard; regular and reserve officers of U.S. services; foreign officers and civilians having a present or previous affiliation with the Naval War College; selected U.S. government officials and agencies; and selected U.S. and international libraries, research centers, publica- tions, and educational institutions. Contributors Please request the standard contributors’ guidance from the managing editor or access it online before submitting manuscripts. The Naval War College Review nei- ther offers nor makes compensation for articles or book reviews, and it assumes no responsibility for the return of manuscripts, although every effort is made to return those not accepted. In submitting work, the sender warrants that it is original, that it is the sender’s property, and that neither it nor a similar work by the sender has been accepted or is under consideration elsewhere. Permissions Reproduction and reprinting are subject to the Copyright Act of 1976 and appli- cable treaties of the United States. To obtain permission to reproduce material bearing a copyright notice, or to reproduce any material for commercial pur- poses, contact the editor for each use. Material not bearing a copyright notice may be freely reproduced for academic or other noncommercial use; however, it is requested that the author and Naval War College Review be credited and that the editor be informed. Periodicals postage paid at Newport, RI. POSTMASTERS, send address changes to: Naval War College Review, Code 32S, Naval War College, 686 Cushing Rd., Newport, RI 02841-1207. ISSN 0028-1484 Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2016 5 Naval War College Review, Vol. 69 [2016], No. 4, Art. 1 https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol69/iss4/1 6 6903_FrontMatter-CMYK.indd 4 9/21/16 9:10 AM Naval War College: Autumn 2016 Full Issue CONTENTS From the Editors . 5 The Evolution of Modern U.S. Naval Strategy. 7 Vice Admiral Frank C. Pandolfe, USN President’s Forum . 15 Strategy and Policy Posture versus Presence The Relationship between Global Naval Engagement and Naval War-Fighting Posture. 19 Robert C. Rubel Decisions on fleet design should be informed by an understanding of the relationship between forward engagement and combat posture. Regarding these two functional elements of the Navy’s mission as either mutually exclusive or having a primary/collateral relationship is a recipe for strategic error. Operational Art Distributed STOVL Operations and Air-Mobility Support Addressing the Mismatch between Requirements and Capabilities . 30 Robert C. Owen A joint logistics approach based on U.S. Air Force air-mobility assets, especially if enhanced by a medium-sized tanker/transport aircraft, can offer significant advantages in the flexibility, sustain- ability, and safety of Marine distributed short-takeoff–vertical-landing operations, particularly in the face of sophisticated antiaccess/area-denial capabilities. When Robots Rule the Waves? . 49 Robert Sparrow and George Lucas By virtue of the distinctive character of war at sea, a number of unique and complex ethical ques- tions are likely to arise regarding the applications of autonomous unmanned underwater vehicles and unmanned surface vehicles. A Thousand Splendid Guns Chinese ASCMs in Competitive Control. 79 Alan Cummings Implementing distributed lethality, developing antiship cruise missile programs, and acquiring af- fordable small- to medium-sized surface combatants—constituting a revival of antisurface warfare capability from near zero—must be a priority for the U.S. Navy in the Pacific. Published by U.S. Naval War College Digital Commons, 2016 7 6891_TOC.indd 1 9/15/16 1:19 PM 2 NAVAL WAR COLLEGENaval REVIEW War College Review, Vol. 69 [2016], No. 4, Art. 1 Leadership and Ethics Cultivating Sailor Ethical Fitness . 93 Michael Hallett Weaving together multiple philosophical threads, this sketch of an ethical fitness concept avoids a legalistic focus on rule breaking to develop ethical competence that is both operationally effective in time-constrained, dynamic environments, including combat, and useful for sailors performing their daily tasks. Naval History Wars and Rumours of Wars Japanese Plans to Invade the Philippines, 1593–1637 . 107 Stephen Turnbull On three occasions between 1593 and 1637, Japan’s rulers gave serious consideration to sending military expeditions against the Spanish Philippines. Explaining why these plans were not put into effect sheds light on Japan’s military capabilities at the time, especially its lack of naval capacity. The U.S. Navy Won the Battle of Jutland . 123 David Kohnen, with contributions from Nicholas Jellicoe and Nathaniel Sims Over the course of the half-year from the battle of Jutland to the end of 1916, Williams S. Sims and his associates set the course that led to the U.S. Navy of the twenty-first century. Review Essays Jutland: Acrimony to Resolution. 146 Jutland: The Naval Staff Appreciation, edited by William Schleihauf The Jutland Scandal: The Truth about the First World War’s Greatest Sea Battle, by J. E. T. Harper and Sir Reginald Bacon Jutland: The Unfinished Battle, by Nicholas Jellicoe reviewed by Holger Herwig https://digital-commons.usnwc.edu/nwc-review/vol69/iss4/1 8 6891_TOC.indd 2 9/15/16 2:33 PM Naval War College: Autumn 2016 Full Issue CONTENTS 3 Strategy, Operations, and the Margin of Victory . 152 Margin of Victory: Five Battles That Changed the Face of Modern War, by Douglas Macgregor reviewed by Dov S. Zakheim Economics as a Source of National Power .