UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA GRADUATE COLLEGE JAZZ IN OKLAHOMA MUSIC TEACHER EDUCATION A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy By Heath E. Jones Norman, Oklahoma 2005 UMI Number: 3203317 UMI Microform 3203317 Copyright 2006 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346 © Copyright by Heath E. Jones 2005 All Rights Reserved Acknowledgments I want to thank all of the participants who contributed time and effort to this research. It was a pleasure and honor to interview prominent music educators in the state of Oklahoma. I want to thank all of my committee members. Dr. Nancy Barry has given me great encouragement and guidance throughout my graduate studies. Thanks for being a master music educator and opening your home to all your students. You truly have inspired me in music education and have helped me learn a great deal about jazz education through research. Thanks for your patience and endless energy. Dr. Michael Raiber continues to open my mind to the possibilities of music education. Thanks for your wisdom and insight in music education. Dr. Brian Shepard has been a great example of a proficient educator. I have thoroughly enjoyed playing saxophone with and learning from Dr. Gail Hall. Thanks for your time and true sincerity. Dr. William Wakefield has opened my mind to the possibilities of expression through conducting. Thanks for being a wonderful example of a leader in music education. Thanks Dr. Roy Knapp for being my outside committee member and relating to me through Branford Marsalis. Your door is always open and you have been a great addition to this committee. Dr. Jerry Neal Smith has been a great inspiration to me in music. Thanks for the talks at the coffee house. The faculty and administration at Oklahoma Christian University have given me valuable support during my graduate work. Thanks Lindy Adams for proof-reading. iv I would like to thank Dr. David Elliott for permission to use his survey and the wonderful leadership he provided by his previous research. Thanks for being a wonderful jazz musician and philosopher of music education. I would like to thank Lee Rucker and Dr. Kent Kidwell for the time, guidance, and jazz instruction they have provided me and others in the state of Oklahoma. I would like to thank all of the following music educators who have instructed me in jazz and passed on their love for the art: Jim Jeter – Bussey Middle School, Gail Levisnski – private saxophone instructor, Tom Beers – private saxophone instructor, Bart Marantz – Dallas Arts Magnet High School at Booker T. Washington, John Fletcher – Oklahoma Christian University, Bruce Kitzel – Band Instrument Repairman, Michael Jacobson – Baylor University, Vern Seilert – Baylor University, Jim Riggs – The University of North Texas, and Mike Steinel – The University of North Texas, and all the Professors at The University of Oklahoma for letting me write all my research papers on jazz. I would like to thank all of my family members. Thanks to my parents Ray and Marsha Jones for the constant support throughout all of my education. Thanks to my brother Jay Jones for inspiring me to stay in school. Thanks Brenda Gleason for all of your time and help. My two children, Heather and Eric, have truly been an inspiration to me. Thanks for being so happy to see me when I come home. I dedicate this dissertation to my loving wife Elizabeth. Thanks for giving me encouragement, love, and inspiration. You are my best friend, and without you, none of this would have been possible. I thank God for giving me talent and drive to continue my studies in music. v Table of Contents Acknowledgments.............................................................................................................. iv List of Tables ...................................................................................................................viii Abstract.............................................................................................................................. ix Chapter 1. Introduction....................................................................................................... 1 Background .................................................................................................... 1 Need for the Study .......................................................................................... 4 Purpose of the Study ...................................................................................... 6 Research Questions ........................................................................................ 6 Value of the Study .......................................................................................... 7 Definition of Terms ........................................................................................ 7 Delimitations .................................................................................................. 8 Outline of Chapters ........................................................................................ 9 Chapter 2. Review of Related Literature.......................................................................... 10 Introduction.................................................................................................. 10 Historical Foundations of Jazz Education................................................... 10 The Aural Tradition .................................................................................. 11 The Written Tradition ............................................................................... 13 Jazz in Oklahoma Music Educator Publictions........................................... 15 Perceptions of Jazz Education..................................................................... 17 Negative Perceptions ................................................................................ 17 Positive Perceptions.................................................................................. 21 Jazz in Institutions of Higher Education...................................................... 25 Research Studies Focused on Jazz in Music Teacher Educatio Curricula . 30 Summary ...................................................................................................... 34 Chapter 3. Methods and Procedures................................................................................. 37 Introduction.................................................................................................. 37 Research Approach – Surveys and Interviews............................................. 37 Research Methodology................................................................................. 38 Instrument Development ........................................................................... 38 Participants and Data Collection Procedures.......................................... 40 Survey Data Analysis ................................................................................ 46 Interview Data Analysis............................................................................ 46 Summary ..................................................................................................... 46 Chapter 4. Survey Results ................................................................................................ 48 Background of Oklahoma Music Education Program Administrators........ 48 Availability of Jazz Study in Oklahoma Music Teacher Education............. 49 Importance of Jazz Study in Oklahoma Music Teacher Education ............. 56 Jazz in Oklahoma Secondary Schools and Communities ............................ 61 Respondents’ Concluding Remarks ............................................................. 62 Summary ...................................................................................................... 63 vi Chapter 5. Interview Results ............................................................................................ 66 Background of Oklahoma Music Education Program Administrators........ 68 Availability of Jazz Study in Oklahoma Music Teacher Education............. 75 Importance of Jazz Study in Oklahoma Music Teacher Education ............. 77 Jazz in Oklahoma Secondary Schools and Communities ............................ 81 Participants’ Concluding Remarks.............................................................. 84 Summary ..................................................................................................... 85 Chapter 6. Discussion and Recommendations, Implications for Future Research and Conclusions ........................................ 87 Overview ...................................................................................................... 87 Discussion and Recommendations............................................................... 88 Implications for Future Research .............................................................. 116 Conclusions................................................................................................ 120 References....................................................................................................................... 124 Appendix A. Permission Statement.............................................................................