IN4⎮TORONTO STAR SUNDAY, MARCH 10, 2013 ON ON0 V2 ON ON0 V2 SUNDAY, MARCH 10, 2013 TORONTO STAR⎮IN5 The world’s principal religions Selecting a new pope Christianity 2.2 billion people The election of a pope is a centuries-old process, last updated The College 32% of Cardinals of world poulation in 2007 by Pope Benedict XVI. Since 1271, the church’s [ Country with largest number of Only cardinals under the age of 80 may Christians: United States, highest-ranking clerics, the cardinals, have voted in a conclave, vote for a new pope. There are 208 243,060,000 cardinals worldwide. Of those, 115 as of which was instituted as the result of one of the longest papal Thursday were eligible to cast ballots. [ Country with biggest percentage of More than half of the 115 eligible cardinals Christians: Democratic Republic of vacancies in history — two years and nine months. were appointed by Pope Benedict XVI; the the Congo, 95.8% rest were appointed by Pope John Paul II. [ Percentage of Christians who are Catholic: 50% CARDINAL ELECTORS, BY REGION OF ORIGIN [ Percentage who are Protestant: The voting process Europe 60 37% Cardinals meet in the Vatican’s Pauline Chapel, 1 near the Sistine Chapel, and pray for guidance. Islam All enter the Sistine Chapel. The Chapel has been 2 searched for electronic listening devices. 1.6 billion people Cardinals take an oath, promising to follow John 23% 3 Paul II’s rules requiring written ballots, secret of world population deliberations. [ Country with largest number of Muslims: Indonesia, 209,120,000 Clarifying rules: cardinals may discuss election 4 rules but not change them. Ballot folded [ Country with biggest percentage of twice and placed Muslims: Morocco, 99.9% on a plate Barrel-vaulted ceiling Vote-counting cardinals chosen: three sets of [ Percentage of Muslims who are 5 three cardinals are picked at random — “Creation”: Michelangelo’s series of nine episodes Sunni: 87-90% scrutineers to count the ballots, revisers to from Genesis, painted 1508-1512 double-check the count and infirmarii to collect [ Percentage who are Shia: 10-13% ballots from cardinals at the Vatican but too ill to attend. Folded ballot tipped into the first urn Hinduism Disguising his handwriting, each cardinal writes 6 his choice on the ballot and folds it twice. Smoke signals 1 billion people Each holds his ballot so it can be seen and walks election Papal reigns results 7 to the altar. A look at the duration of each papal reign since 1800: 15% of world population Each cardinal recites an oath, placing his ballot on 8 a golden plate. The ballot is then slid into an urn = Conclave Latin America 19 [ Country with largest number of to show there is only one. The urn is shaken to mix Hindus: India, 973,750,000 1800 the ballots. [ Country with biggest percentage of Hindus: Nepal, 80.7% At a table in front of the altar, the first scrutineer 9 counts the ballots and places them in another urn. Ballots are counted If the count matches the number of cardinals and transferred to second urn Pius VII Buddhism voting, he then takes one out, unfolds it, notes the 1800-1823 name voted for and passes it to the second, who does the same. 1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020 2 488 million people 3 The third scrutineer reads the name aloud and Leo XII United States 11 10 pierces each ballot with a needle, threading all the 1823-1829 7% of world population ballots together. A record of each vote is made for 4 Pius VIII the Vatican archives. The votes are totalled 1829-1830 [ Country with largest number of Buddhists: China, 244,130,000 Ballots and notes are burned after each round in a 11 Gregory XVI [ Country with biggest percentage of furnace with chemicals to make the smoke black 1831-1846 Buddhists: Cambodia, 96.9% or white. If no pope is elected, black smoke Africa 11 appears. Spent ballots are pierced by Folk/traditional or White smoke and the ringing of Vatican bells will a needle and 5 12 signal a new pope has been chosen and that he thread aboriginal religion has accepted. Blessed Pius IX 1846-1878 The dean of cardinals asks by what name he Asia 10 405 million people 13 wants to be called. The name Peter is never taken Sistine out of reverence for Peter the Apostle and first 6% pope. Chapel of world population [ Country with largest number of folk When cardinals gather in Rome to elect Cardinals pay homage and obedience to the new religionists: China, 294,320,000 14 pope, who during this time changes into the the next pope, they will cast their ballots traditional white papal vestments. surrounded by some of the greatest works 6 1 Canada 3 [ Country with biggest percentage of ST. PETER’S MORNING OF of art in the world, the Renaissance folk religionists: Vietnam, 45.3% The senior cardinal announces to the people that BASILICA frescoes in the Sistine Chapel. Leo XIII PRAYER CHAPEL DETAILS 1878-1903 15 the election has taken place and the name of On the conclave’s Built: Between 1475 and 1481 in the time of 1. Secrecy: The room is the new pope. The new pope appears at the first day, the Pope Sixtus IV Della Rovere. Other religions, cleared of non- balcony and gives his first blessing. cardinals assemble Inauguration: Aug. 15, 1483; dedicated to participants, and including Baha'i, for a mass in the St. Mary. entrances are sealed; Oceania 1 morning, and walk Taoism, Jainism, voting may begin in a procession to right away. Shintoism, Sikhism the Sistine Chapel in St. Pius X 2. Walls: Frescoes the afternoon. VAVVATICANTIT CAAN CITYCIC TTYY HalHaHalll ooff LLigorioigorio 1903-1914 illustrate parallel 58 million ApApoAApostolicpostolicliici LiLibraryib people events in the lives of Benedict XV SiSSistineists iinne BorgiaBorgia Moses and Jesus CChChapelhappele TowerTower Christ, painted by 1914-1922 Conclave length 1% of world population artists Perugino, It can take days or years to elect a new [ N Botticelli, Rosselli, Country with largest number of pope: Ghirlandaio, adherents of other religions: India, Pius XI 27,560,000 Signorelli. SELECTED POPES HalHalll of 1922-1939 POPE YEAR DAYS TO ELECT [ Bramante 3. Last Judgment: Wall Country with biggest percentage of behind altar; world’s Gregory X 1271 approx. 1,020 adherents of other religions: Taiwan, 16.2% largest fresco, 1,938 Nicolaus V 1288 365 sq. ft. (180 sq. m.), PalPalaceace Pius VII 1799 106 of Gregory painted by Pius XII XIII Michelangelo, 1939-1958 Gregory XVI 1831 54 Judaism 1536-1541. House of Secretariat Pius VIII 1829 30 of State 4. Room of Tears: St. Martha Sacristy Leo XII 1823 26 15 million people Newly elected pope Blesssed Papal Apartments will be vested in the John XXIII Pius X 1903 4 papal cassock for the 1958-1963 Pius XI 1922 4 0.2% of world population New pope first time. Each Benedict XV 1914 3 delivers his cardinal has a desk Paul VI [ Country with largest number of blessing from and chair. 1963-1978 John XXIII 1958 3 Jews: United States, 5,690,000 balcony 5. Openwork screen, John Paul II 1978 3 [ Country with biggest percentage of City wall Barracks of the John Paul I Swiss Guard or transenna: 1978* Pius IX 1846 2 Jews: Israel, 75.6% Divided into two unequal parts by Paul VI 1963 2 Papal Audience Hall marble screen. Leo XIII 1878 1.5 Atheism, John Paul II 6. Stove: Ballots and Pius XII 1939 1 notes are burned 1978-2005 Agnosticism Palace of the John Paul I 1978 1 Holy Office along with one of or no religious two chemicals to Julius II 1503 Some make the smoke hours affiliation black or white. White CARDINALS’ LODGING smoke indicates a Benedict XVI 1.1 billion people Cardinals probably will be Hospitality new pope has been 2005-2013 bused to and from the chapel to House “Gift elected. Who can be pope? of Mary” limit exposure to outside influences; In theory, any Catholic man in good 16% of world population they may not communicate with standing may be elected — he need not [ Country with largest number with anyone not involved in the election or be a cardinal or other member of the be exposed to mass media. * Pope John Paul I reigned for only 33 days no religion: China, 700,680,000 St. Peter’s Square clergy. The last non-cardinal to ascend to SOURCE: New Advent the papacy was Urban VI in 1379. [ Country with biggest percentage with no religion: North Korea, 71.3% SOURCE: Pew Research Center SOURCE: MCT, The Associated Press, Holy See Press Office, Catholic News Service, Apostolic Constitution, Universi Dominici Gregis, U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, Catholic Encyclopedia, Los Angeles Times reporting, Catholic Germany BRIAN HUGHES/TORONTO STAR .