Editorial Board Editor-In-Chief Norbert Vrabec Deputy Managing Editor Monika Hossová Indexing Process and Technical Editor Marija Hekelj Technical Editor and Distribution Ľubica Bôtošová Proofreading Team and English Editors Zuzana Benková, František Rigo, Michael Valek Photo Editors Jakub Kovalík, Juliána Odziomková Grafic Production Coordinator Martin Graca Web Editor Andrej Brník Editorial Team Slavomír Gálik, Martin Solík, Viera Kačinová, Oľga Škvareninová, Nataša Slavíková, Jozef Tinka Advisory Board Piermarco Aroldi (Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milano, Italy) Sussene Febles (University of Matanzas, Cuba) Alexander Fedorov (Russian Association for Film and Media Education, Russia) Jan Jirák (Metropolitan University Prague, Czech Republic) Igor Kanižaj (University of Zagreb, Croatia) Miguel Vicente Mariño (University of Valladolid, Spain) Radek Mezulánik (Jan Amos Komenský University in Prague, Czech Republic) Stefan Michael Newerkla (University of Vienna, Austria) Gabriel Paľa (University of Prešov, Slovak Republic) Veronika Pelle (Corvinus University of Budapest, Hungary) Hana Pravdová (University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, Slovak Republic) Charo Sádaba (University of Navarra in Pamplona, Spain) Lucia Spálová (Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Slovakia) Anna Stolińska (Pedagogical University of Kraków, Poland) Zbigniew Widera (University of Economics in Katowice, Poland) Markéta Zezulkova (Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic) Yao Zheng (Zhejiang University of Media and Communications, China) About the Journal Media Literacy and Academic Research is a scientific journal focused on the academic reflection of media and information literacy issues, media education, critical thinking, digital media and new trends in related areas of media and communication studies. The journal is devoted to addressing contemporary issues and future developments related to the interdisciplinary academic discussion, the results of empirical research and the mutual interaction of expertise in media and information studies, media education as well as their sociological, psychological, political, linguistic and technological aspects. Media Literacy and Academic Research is a double-blind peer-reviewed journal published twice a year. The journal is international and interdisciplinary, inviting contributions from across the globe and from various academic disciplines of social sciences. It focuses on theoretical and empirical studies, research results, as well as papers related to the new trends, practices and other academic a research areas. Also encouraged are literature reviews, innovative initiatives, best practices in online teaching, institutional policies, standards and assessment. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. The members of the journal´s Editorial Board are members of the European Communication Research and Education Association (ECREA), UNESCO-UNAOC UNITWIN Network for Media and Information Literacy, European Association for Viewers Interests (EAVI), The Slovak EU Kids Online Team and Media Literacy Expert Group. The journal is now indexed in these databases: Ulrich’s Periodical Directory, CEEOL, CEJSH, Index Copernicus. The complete version of Media Literacy and Academic Research’s Editorial Policy is available online at www.mlar.sk. Media Literacy and Academic Research Vol. 2, No. 1, April 2019, price 5€ ISSN: 2585 - 8726 EV 4956 / 19 Publisher Faculty of Mass Media Communication University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava Námestie Jozefa Herdu 2 917 01 Trnava SLOVAK REPUBLIC https://fmk.sk/en/, www.mlar.sk Fakulta masmediálnej komunikácie Faculty of Mass Media Communication Editorial The ability to work with information and meaningful and effective usage of the media are the key competences important not only for children and adolescents, but also for members of all social groups. First and foremost, there are teachers and other youth workers who stand in front of the current challenges of post-truth- society. More sophisticated strategies for spreading fake news, disinformation, hoaxes and rumours spread quickly and widely via social media. Responding to these challenges is not just a problem for citizens of all age groups, but also for politicians, journalists and other stakeholders who often face difficulties in distinguishing whether a message that appears online is true or a disinformation spread. In many countries, there is a lack of appropriate procedures to allow early detection of such false or based on facts information. However, especially in the USA and other English-speaking countries, digital tools are already available to analyze online information to detect if it is really true or if it is created to manipulate audience members. The dynamic development of the Internet and new technology, as well as the time and professional requirements of the teaching profession, mean that teachers are not always able to keep up with their students – especially in the usage of new technology platforms and services. However, seniors, parents and customers are also increasingly confronted with these issues, and they can easily become the victim of various fraudulent commercial activities, but also of populist political propaganda. These facts are one of the reasons why the widest range of users needs to gain perfect insight, confidence and proper professional skills in using new media. This implies the need for intensive development of their information and media competences so that the vast potential and capacity of the global information society are effective. This includes the complete range of capabilities to fully exploit the potential of working with information and digital skills. In particular, new media, their diverse platforms and user applications can also be used for education, development of key competences, teaching values and work to improve mutual relations, coexistence and governance. For example, social networks have the potential to help people with the same interests and opinions to become part of a group or movement that could help in communication between different cultures. Academics, politicians, journalists, and other stakeholders should not be left behind by these initiatives, requiring constant monitoring of new trends and societal changes, managing work with new media and related digital competences in an efficient way. Many of these questions are addressed in the latest issue of Media Literacy and Academic Research. We believe that studies published in our magazine will contribute to a fruitful discussion of these issues and will bring much inspiration for further research, education, political and other initiatives in this field. Pleasant reading, Slavomír Gálik Editorial Team of Media Literacy and Academic Research Contents Studies Bet You Can’t Eat Just One: Binge Eating Disorder Promotion In American Food Advertising ..................6 Debbie Danowski The Role of Organisations of Journalists in Promoting Media Literacy – Building Credibility and Trust ..................................................................................................................................24 Igor Kanižaj, Stela Lechpammer The Relationship Between Artificial Intelligence, Human Communication and Ethics. A Futuristic Perspective: Utopia or Dystopia? ..........................................................................................38 Crînguța – Irina Pelea The New Digital Divide: Disinformation and Media Literacy in the U.S ....................................................49 Christina Hicks-Goldston, Amy Ritchart Location-Based Games as a Method of Teaching Seniors in the Field of Digital Technologies ...............61 Magdaléna Švecová Multidisciplinary Explanation of the Reading Voice as a Medium: Challenge to Family Media Literacy ..........................................................................................................................................72 Milena Tsvetkova, Darina Pachova New Media and Cultural Mediatisation: Case Study ................................................................................89 Thouraya Snoussi News Innovation of Methodical Sheets for Teachers of Civics from the Need of Prevention of Extremism Manifestation and Education Towards Democratic Society Point of View ............................104 Marcel Lincényi, Marcela Barčáková Tackling Misinformation in an Open Society ...........................................................................................107 Ľubica Bôtošová Report of Pew Research Center about How Teens and Parents Navigate Screen Time and Device Distractions ..........................................................................................................................111 Slávka Gracová Research Report of Project VEGA 1/0192/18 Formation of Attitudes of Generation Y in the V4 Geographic Area to the Issue of Migrants Through Digital Communication on Social Networks .................................................................................................................................114 Lucia Spálová, Oľga Púchovská Searching for Alternative Facts: Analyzing Scriptural Inference in Conservative News Practises ..........119 Nikola Kaňuková Interview New Media Technologies Should Not Isolate Us. Just Extend Our Range of Social Skills Interview with Ġorġ Mallia ......................................................................................................................121