Vol. 14, No. 2, Spring 2014 CONTENTS 3 EDITOR’S CORNER 4 LETTER TO THE EDITOR CANADA IN THE WORLD 5 Task Force 151 by Eric Lerhe 15 Back to the Future: Canada’s Re-Engagement in the Asia-Pacific Region Cover by Bernard J. Brister General Hunter in Battle by Peter Rindlisbacher PERSONNEL ISSUES Peter Rindlisbacher and the 25 Combating the Impact of Stigma on Physically Injured and Mentally Ill Canadian Society of Marine Artists Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) Members by G. Robert Arrabito and Anna S. Leung 36 Military Individual Readiness: An Overview of the Individual Components of the Adam, Hall, and Thomson Model Adapted to the Canadian Armed Forces by Dave Blackburn 46 Canadian Armed Forces’ Chaplains as a Primary Source of Spiritual Resiliency by Harold Ristau INFORMATION OPERATIONS 53 Three Practical Lessons from the Science of Influence Operations Message Design by M. Afzal Upal Task Force 151 VIEWS AND OPINIONS 59 Wounded Soldiers: Can We Improve the Return to Work? by Simon Mailloux 64 Can Praxis: A Model of Equine Assisted Learning (EAL) for PTSD by C. Randy Duncan, Steve Critchley, and Jim Marland 70 Change for the Better – The Canadian Defence Academy, Future Plans, and Moving Forward by Bill Railer, Phil Hoddinott, and Jason Barr 74 Intervention from the Stars: Anecdotal Evidence by Roy Thomas COMMENTARY 79 The National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy and the ‘Ambition-Capability Gap’ Combating the by Martin Shadwick Impact of Stigma on Physically Injured BOOK REVIEW ESSAY and Mentally Ill 82 Strategy and Strategies Canadian Armed by Bill Bentley Forces (CAF) Members 84 BOOK REVIEWS Canadian Military Journal / Revue militaire canadienne is the official professional journal of the Canadian Armed Forces and the Department of National Defence. It is published quarterly under authority of the Minister of National Defence. Opinions expressed or implied in this publication are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of the Department of National Defence, the Canadian Forces, Canadian Military Journal, or any agency of the Government of Canada. Crown copyright is retained. Articles may be reproduced with permission of the Editor, on condition that appropriate credit is given to Canadian Military Journal. Each issue of the Journal is published simultaneously in print and electronic versions; it is available on the Internet at www.journal.forces.gc.ca. ISSN 1492-465X Vol. 14, No. 2, Spring 2014 • Canadian Military Journal 1 How to Contact Us CANADIAN Canadian Military Journal / MILITARY Revue militaire canadienne Canadian Defence Academy JOURNAL PO Box 17000, Station Forces www.journal.forces.gc.ca Kingston, Ontario CANADA, K7K 7B4 Editor-in-Chief Translation Fax: (613) 541-6866 David L. Bashow Translation Bureau, Public Works and E-mail: [email protected] (613) 541-5010 ext. 6148 Government Services Canada [email protected] Publication Manager Commentary Claire Chartrand Martin Shadwick (613) 541-5010 ext. 6837 [email protected] Editorial Advisor Michael Boire Three Practical Oversight Committee Lessons from the Science of Chairman Influence Operations Major-General J.G.E. Tremblay, Commander, Canadian Defence Academy (CDA) Message Design Members Mr. David L. Bashow, Editor-in-Chief, Brigadier-General A.D. Meinzinger, Commandant Canadian Military Journal (CMJ) Royal Military College of Canada (RMCC) Colonel Marty Cournoyer, representing Major Andrew Godefroy, representing Chief of the Air Staff (CAS) Chief of Staff Land Strategy Dr. H.J. Kowal, Principal, Lieutenant-Colonel Mark Gendron, Royal Military College of Canada (RMCC) Director Canadian Forces Military Law Centre (CFMLC), Canadian Defence Academy (CDA) Commander Hugues Canuel, representing Chief of the Maritime Staff (CMS) Ms. Hanya Soliman, representing Chief of the Defence Intelligence (CDI) Colonel Dalton Cote, representing Canadian Defence Academy (CDA) Wounded Soldiers: Can We Improve the Editorial Board Return to Work? Dr. Douglas Bland Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) David Last Major (ret’d) Michael Boire Dr. Chris Madsen Major Sylvain Chalifour Dr. Sean Maloney Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) Douglas Delaney Professor Brian McKercher Dr. Rocky J. Dwyer Dr. Paul Mitchell Lieutenant-Colonel (ret’d) Michael Goodspeed Dr. Nezih Mrad Major John Grodzinski Dr. Scot Robertson Dr. David Hall Professor Stéphane Roussel Professor Michael Hennessy Professor Elinor Sloan Colonel Bernd Horn Chief Warrant Officer C.J. Thibault Professor Hamish Ion Colonel (ret’d) Randall Wakelam Philippe Lagassé Can Praxis: A Model of Equine Assisted Learning (EAL) for PTSD NOTE TO READERS As a bilingual journal, readers should take note that where citations are translated from their original language, the abbreviation [TOQ] at the end of the note, which stands for “translation of original quote”, indicates to the readers that the original citation can be found in the published version of the Journal in the other official language. 2 Canadian Military Journal • Vol. 14, No. 2, Spring 2014 EDITOR’S CORNER elcome to yet another frosty edition individual readiness. While Blackburn opines that there is “…no Canadian Military Journal. It is billed as real consensus on either the concept of operational readiness or the spring edition, but as I pen these words its functional definition,” he presents an IR model developed by at the end of January, spring is nowhere in researchers Adam, Hall, and Thomson that he believes is adapted evidence in the Great White North. In fact, to the requirements of the CAF. Blackburn is followed by CAF Wmost of the nation has been gripped in a polar deep freeze the Padre Harold Ristau, who maintains that while there has been a likes of which we have not experienced for years. Even the decided increase in secularism within Canadian society that has Great Lakes are mostly frozen over. Hopefully, by the time this lessened the influence of traditional religious communities, an issue ‘hits the streets,’ we will have seen the last of the ‘white interest in and desire for spirituality is still strongly supported by stuff’ for a while. its members. Ristau further suggests that “…the CAF chaplaincy offers a ‘special support community,’ including spiritual care, Quite a potpourri of content this time out, but first, a few pastoral counselling, spiritual direction, and support, which is words about our cover. In a continuation of paying tribute to our indispensable to the operability of members of the three elements young nation’s participation in the War of 1812, we feature yet of the Canadian military and their civilian Defence Team members.” again the splendid art of the internationally renowned Canadian marine artist Peter Rindlisbacher. Peter has captured on canvas The last major article for this issue concerns Information The Battle of Lake Erie, which took place on 10 September 1813. Operations. Afzal Upal, a senior defence scientist and the leader What is specifically portrayed here is part of the larger engage- of the Effects and Influence Group at Defence Research and ment between the American forces of Master Commandant Oliver Development Canada (DRDC), explores the world of information Hazard Perry, and the British squadron commanded by Commander operations (IOs) message design, citing examples of how failure Robert Barclay. In the early stages of the battle, the lead British to effectively communicate an intended message to target audi- ship General Hunter was stationed between the larger Queen ence members can drastically affect the outcome of psychological Charlotte and another British warship, the Detroit, shown here operations. Upal “… distills the results of recent psychological on the extreme left and right respectively. In a continuation of the research on effective message design into three practical steps battle, the damaged General Hunter would drift out of the line that can be followed by practitioners in the field in order to design shortly thereafter. effective messages.” Further on a maritime bent, our first major article of the issue, Four very different opinion pieces in this issue… Taking the written by Commodore (ret’d) Eric Lerhe, is a historical recollec- point, infantry captain Simon Mailloux, who lost a leg during tion of Canadian-led maritime coalition operations conducted in combat in 2007 in Afghanistan, recounts his rehabilitation expe- the southern Persian Gulf and the Strait of Hormuz sector during rience, which ultimately led to a second tour of operational duty the ‘war on terror’ in 2002. However, it also provides valuable in the country. Mailloux maintains that the majority of wounded lessons for the conduct of any such operations which may be soldiers want to come back in line with their comrades-in-arms. conducted in the future. Next, Major Bernard Brister takes a fresh Further: “The medical branch has accomplished outstanding suc- look at Canada’s past, present, and, most importantly, its future cesses over the years by developing new medical procedures, engagement in the Asia-Pacific region. Brister opines that Canada’s and by designing new prostheses. The next step is to integrate economic and security interests are shifting away from the primary these advancements with the military ethos to achieve even better North Atlantic (European) relationship, “… and even from the results.” Next, Randy Duncan, Steve Critchley, and Jim Marland traditional post-Second World War relationship with the United take the veteran rehabilitation step in a further direction by explor- States.” However, he believes there