REPUBLIC OF KENYA Public Disclosure Authorized MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE, LIVESTOCK, FISHERIES & IRRIGATION (MoALFI) STATE DEPARTMENT FOR FISHERIES, AQUACULTURE & BLUE ECONOMY (SDFA-BE) Public Disclosure Authorized DRAFT FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK Public Disclosure Authorized KENYA MARINE FISHERIES SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (KEMFSED) Public Disclosure Authorized JUNE 2019 ENVIRONMETAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK KENYA MARINE FISHERIES SOCIO-ECONMIC DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (KEMFSED) Prepared by 019 IN JOINT VENTURE WITH << ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) >> TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................. iv LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................... vii DEFINITION OF TERMS .................................................................................................................... ix EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................... xi 1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2. Environmental and Social Management Framework .............................................................. 2 1.2.1. Rationale for ESMF ........................................................................................................ 2 1.2.2. Objectives of the ESMF ................................................................................................... 2 1.2.3. Environmental and Social Due Diligence Principles ..................................................... 2 1.2.4. ESMP Preparation Approach ......................................................................................... 2 1.2.5. ESMF Components and Structures ................................................................................. 6 2. PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................................. 6 2.1. Project Development Objectives (PDO) ................................................................................. 7 2.2. Project Geographic Scope ....................................................................................................... 7 2.3. Project Beneficiaries ............................................................................................................... 8 2.4. Project Funding ....................................................................................................................... 9 2.5. Project Components ................................................................................................................ 9 2.6. Project Implementation Arrangement ................................................................................... 16 3. LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ......................................................................... 21 3.1. Legal and regulatory Frameworks ........................................................................................ 21 3.2. Institutional Policies .............................................................................................................. 29 3.3. Consultations/Stakeholder and Public Participation ............................................................. 30 4. BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS ............................................. 33 4.1. Description of Environmental Baseline ................................................................................ 33 4.1.1. Physical Environment ................................................................................................... 33 4.1.2. Biological Environment (fauna) .................................................................................... 40 4.1.3. Biological Environment (flora) ..................................................................................... 45 4.1.4. State of Forests and Tree Cover ................................................................................... 49 4.2. Poverty Reduction and Employment Creation ...................................................................... 51 4.2.1. Livelihood Improvement Initiatives............................................................................... 51 Kenya Marine Fisheries and Socio-Economic Development (KEMFSED) Project i << ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) >> 4.2.2. Empowerment Opportunities in Ecotourism and Nature Based Enterprises ................ 51 4.2.3. Status of Partnerships and Stakeholders Engagement .................................................. 51 4.2.4. Forest products industry and trade ............................................................................... 51 4.3. Forest Nature-based Projects ................................................................................................ 53 4.4. Description of Social and Economic Environment ............................................................... 54 4.4.1. Population Demographics ............................................................................................ 54 4.4.2. Access to basic civic facilities ....................................................................................... 56 4.4.3. Level of Income and Poverty ......................................................................................... 60 4.5. Gender Analysis .................................................................................................................... 65 4.5.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 65 4.5.2. Fishing .......................................................................................................................... 65 4.5.3. Gender Based Violence ................................................................................................. 66 4.5.4. Poverty and coping strategies ....................................................................................... 69 4.5.5. Vulnerable and Marginalized Community Members .................................................... 71 4.5.6. Early Marriages ............................................................................................................ 72 4.5.7. Gender and Seaweed farming ....................................................................................... 73 4.5.8. Women’s Land and Property Rights ............................................................................. 73 5. WORLD BANK SAFEGUARDS POLICIES TRIGGERED ...................................................... 75 5.1. World Bank Safeguards policies ........................................................................................... 75 5.2. World Bank’s Safeguards Triggered by KEMFSED ............................................................ 80 5.3. Environmental Assessment process for KEMFSED ............................................................. 81 6. POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACTS .................................................. 82 6.1. Potential Key Environmental Impacts .................................................................................. 82 6.2. Potential Key Social Impacts ................................................................................................ 82 6.3. Measures to Manage Environmental and Social Impacts ..................................................... 83 7. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN, INCLUDING THE INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION AND SUPERVISION ...................................................................................... 86 8. CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING ................................................................................................................................... 102 8.1. Capacity Strengthening for ESMF Implementation ............................................................ 102 8.2. Environmental and Social Management Process ................................................................ 103 8.3. Examples of Impact Mitigation Plans ................................................................................. 105 8.4. Stakeholder Capacity Building ........................................................................................... 106 8.5. Monitoring .......................................................................................................................... 106 Kenya Marine Fisheries and Socio-Economic Development (KEMFSED) Project ii << ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (ESMF) >> 9. GRIEVANCE REDRESS MECHANISM .................................................................................. 108 9.1. Purpose ................................................................................................................................ 108 9.2. Principles of GRM .............................................................................................................