m^^... 1 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS- IN THE / ; BOTANICAL GARDEN, BANGALORE,: ANP :'T,s viciNrrT. .iKOCN'D EDITIOM". PREPARED BY .T'JHl-r ' AMEKON, F. L. S. BANG A LORF: 1S91. 5 /> Price One Rupee. .«^ " Cornell Unlveratty Library QK 73.B21C3 1891 Catalogueaia of plants in the botanical gar i 3 1924 000 622 252 ^ (Si WW Cornell University \0\ \lsUf/ Library The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000622252 CATALOGUE OF PLANTS IN THE BOTANICAL GARDEN, BANGALORE, AND ITS VICINITY. SECOND EDITION. PREPARED BT JOHN CAMERON, F, L. S., Suiter intenden t. PRINTED AT THE MYSORE GOVERNMENT CENTRAL TRESS L'ANGALOKE. 1891. Price One Rnpee. PREFACE. The first edition of this Catalogue, publieheJ eleven years ago, has in the Sscond Edition now ofiered to the public been largely' augmented in genera, species, and descriptive .det^iil. Though not exhaustive of ornamental exotics in cultivation, or of weeds in the field, the Catalogue inay in other respects be considered tolerably complete up to date. It contains '3,222 named species and varieties against 2,020 published in the original list of 1880. The work maintains its former character generally, and with the ad- ditional indexes appended, it is hoped that those who are not conversant with scientific terms,may.be able to discover a fair pro- portion of the proper names of plants ; and hence a knowledge of their affinities and uses, as described by many authors. To facili- tate the -determination of local species, nearly 800 Kanarese names have been entered, and type specimens of Natural Orders have mostly been preferred from plants with vemaicular apppl- lations. Many of these local, names are published for the first time, and as the subject is one of some obscurity, the Compiler trusts that errors will be leniently dealt with. The credit attach- ing to ,the vernacular wo:^k falls to Siddapur Davannah, the plant collector who reported the greater part of the names, and to M. Krishnaswamy Chetty, the writer who revised and tabulated the same. The diagnostic characters attached to each Natural Order, and other abridged details^ such as the approximate color of the flower, are only intended to guide the student to a fuller des- cription in standard works of Systematic Botany. Of the latter. " Sir Joseph Hooker's great work " The Flora of British India will, when completed, be the standard text. ' Bangalore is situa,ted in 12 ° 57' 37" North latitude and 77 ° •36' 56" East longitude, at an undulating elevation of 3,000 to ' 3,100 feet. The average rainfall for the year is 35 inches, but there is along dry season extending v from December till May when a great variety of trees, shrubs, and ierbs are ripened into a condition of fertility and subsequentySeed-bearing. The three principal ga,rdens of Southern India,<Madras, Bangalore, and Ootacamund, are properly situated to r)6present, respectively, the tropical, sub-tropical, and alpine conditions of the South Indian i climate, and plants from any part of the peninsula will usually succeed in one or other of them. The eafly history of the Lal-Bagh—Red Garden—^is wrapped in some obscurity, but it is known to have been a prolific fruit gar- den during the time of Hyder Ali, and seems to have maihtained the — u Bamo function until long after the fallofTippn Sultan. The tank- bund ^as originally constructed by forced labor, but was after- wards greatly improved during-the-incumbenny of Mr. William New, the first pjjofegsional Superintendent of the gardens. During the Htter part of Tippu's rule, and for nearly' half the present century, the Lal-Bagh was supervised by' two Muhammadan Darogahs, father and son. The former, Mahomed Ali, seems to have been in- vested with considerable powers, and was able to do a great deal for his charge ; but Abdul Khader, the son, had limited action and the garden became an ill-kept jungle of fruit trees. Of the latter, some unique specimens of Mangifera indica still adorn the grounds. In 1836, the Chief Commissioner of Mysore, Sir Mark Cubb3n, made over the Lal-Bagh to an Agri-Horticultural Society, which was then formed for the first time at Bangalore. But on the dissolution of the Society in 1842, or six years later, the property was restored to Government, and has remained in its possession up to the pre- sent time. Dr. Hugh Cleghorn, and Mr. Jaffray (Superintendent of the Gardens at Msidra's) visited the Lal-Bagh in July 1856, and on the recommendation of these officers, it was established, in the following year, as the Governriient Horticultural Gardeps. Mr. New- arrived from Kew, and took charge of the gardens in April 1858. Ill December, 1863, he resigned the office and was succeeded by another Kew man, Mr. A. A. Black. He, unfortunately, was; in poor health, and on his resignation in October 1865, Mr. New was re-appbinted, and held office until his death in August 18V3. Since the Rendition of the Province in 1881, the Institution has been maintainted by the Mysore Statej His Highness' Govern- ment have shown much solicitude for the improvement of the' gardens, which now cover an area of about • 100 acres. A large conservatory,' the foundation ston6 of which was laid by His Eoyal Highness Prince Albert Victor of Wales, on the 30th November 1889, has recently been cons'tracted at a cost of: Rs: 76,000. The following is a list of the officials who have had executive-' chargp of the Lil-Bagh from the time of Tippu : Mahomed Ali, Darogah. 7 For more than half a cen- Abdul Khader. do. ) ttiry. Serjeant Tomkins ? Overseer. About six years. Maistry Hedra Lall. 1 year. Mr. Willjiam New, Superintendent. 5 years. Mr. A. A. Black. „ 1 year and 10 months. Mr. William New. „ Nearly 8 years. Mr. M. W. Walker, assisted by 7 Acting Superintendent for Maistry RamanniaJti. y 6 months. ThiB''^sent Superintendent took over charge in March 1874. J. C. Glossaiy of the principal terms used in the following text. Accrescent-—Mostly applied to the enlargement of the caJyx when the Other parts of "the flower have decayed; AchlamydeOUS— Without an enWope, when the sexes have no covering. AnisomarOUS-—Want of symmetry in the flower. Anthsr-—Th? terminal part of a stamen containing the pollen grains. Bsrry.—A suocnlent and indehisc^nt^fruit such as the grape. HrSlCt-—A minute leaf at the base 'of a flower-hud. ' Calyx-—The outer whorl (envelope) of a flower, usually colored green. Capitate-—Having a rounded head. Carpel-—The modified leaf which forms the pistil, or contri- butes to its formation.^ Carpophore-—The stalk of a fruit. Catkin.'—A -slender drooping inflorescence, somewhat resembling a cats tail. Clavate-—Formed like a club. CoCCnS-—A dehiscent (free) carpel containing one seed. Compound-—Of niore than one piece, applied to divided leaves having pinnate, digitate, or pedate leaflets. Cone-t—The,8caly fruit of a pine or fir tree. Coriaceous-—Leathery.- , Corolla-—The inner envelope of a flower, "usually the most - at- tractive part.. Corona-—A rayed or cup-like whorl situated within the co- rolla Cyme-— a form of inflorescence, being a flattened and centri- fugal panicle. PecidUOUS-—Falling off, applied to sufth plants aa shed their leaves annually. ,, ..^; Dehiscent-—Splitting open, as in the case of many hard fruits. lY Dicotyledon.—A'great division of plants having two cotyle- dons in the seed, as in the pea. DidynamoUS-—Having two long and two short stamens. DiCBCioUS-—Having male flowers exclusively on one plant and female flowers exclusively upon another. Discoid.—In the'form of a disc, a circular cushion with a<thin, fiat, or convex surface. Drape —-A stored fruit like the mango, and peach. Entire.—^When the margin of a leaf is uniformly rounded and nowhere indented. Epipliyte.—^A plani gfowing upon another plant but deriving its nourishment; independently; many orchids are epiphy- tes. Filament.—The stalk of a stamen. Pollicle.-^A capsular form of fruit dehiscing by the ventral suture. Free.—Solitary, not united. Fruit-—The seed-vessel of a plant. Fusiform.—Spindle-shaped.and tapering at both ends. GamopetaloUS.—Having the petals wholly or partially united. Geminate^—Produced in pairs; Gland.—A wart-like swelling found on some plants. Glume.—The dry scaly leaves that subseciuently become the husk of corii and other grains. GymnOSperm.—Applied to such plants as produce naked ovules and seeds. GynandrOUS.—^Saving the stamens and pistil on the same axis, (column) as in the Orchidese. Gynophore.—The stalk of an ovary. Hermaphrodite.—Haviflg both sexes within a single flower. HypOgynoUS.—Having the stamens inserted upon the recepta- cle below the pistil. Imbricate.—Having the parts overlaying each other like the scales of a cone. ' • InCOmpletse.—^Denoting the absence of a floral envelope. Indefinite.—UnlimiCed and irregular iii number, Introrse-—Anther opening towards the pistil. Inferior.—When one organ is placed under another, but has special reference to the relative position of calys and pistil; the opposite of superior. InVOlUCra.—'A whorl of small leaves at the base of an inflores- cence, as Tinder the 'flower head' in Compoiitaa. Irregular-—Parts of the flower being unequal in form and size. ISOmeroUS-—^When each whorl of the flower is composed of an equal number of parts. Lsgume-—--A. fruit of the Leguminosae, a pea pod. Membranous-—Thin, and more or less transparent. Moiiad.elph.OUS-—Having the filaments united into a staminal tube around the style, as in Malvaceae.