ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF MOLDOVA BOTANICAL GARDEN (INSTITUTE) JOURNAL OF BOTANY VOL. VII NR. 2(11) Chisinau, 2015 FOUNDER OF THE "JOURNAL OF BOTANY": BOTANICAL GARDEN (INSTITUTE) OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF MOLDOVA According to the decision of Supreme Council for Sciences and Technological Development of ASM and National Council for Accreditation and Attestation, nr. 288 of 28.11.2013 on the approval of the assessment and Classification of scientific journals, "Journal of Botany" was granted the status of scientific publication of "B" Category. EDITORIAL BOARD OF THE "JOURNAL OF BOTANY" Ciubotaru Alexandru, academician of the ASM, editor-in-chef, Botanical Garden (Institute) of the ASM Teleuță Alexandru, Ph.D., associete editor, Botanical Garden (Institute) of the ASM Cutcovschi-Muștuc Alina, Ph.D., secretary, Botanical Garden (Institute) of the ASM Members: Duca Gheorghe, academician of the ASM, President of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova Dediu Ion, corresponding member of the ASM, Institute of Geography and Ecology of the ASM Șalaru Vasile, corresponding member of the ASM, Moldova State University Colțun Maricica, Ph. D., Botanical Garden (Institute) of the ASM Tănase Cătălin, university professor, Botanical Garden "A. Fătu" of the "Al. I. Cuza" University, Iași, România Cristea Vasile, university professor, Botanical Garden "Alexandru Borza" of the "Babeș-Bolyai" University, Cluj-Napoca, România Toma Constantin, university professor, "Al. I. Cuza" University, Iași, România Sârbu Anca, university professor, Botanical Garden "D.Brîndza", Bucharest, România Zaimenco Natalia, university professor, M.M.Grishko National Botanical Garden of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine Edition supported by the Supreme Council for Sciences and Technological Development of ASM Botanical Garden (Institute) MD - 2002, Padurii str. 18, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova tel./fax.: (+373 22) 52-35-89; 55-04-43 www.gradinabotanica.asm.md e-mail: [email protected] JOURNAL OF BOTANY VOL. VII, NR. 2 (11), 2015 3 CONTENTS I. Structural and functional diversity of plant organisms 1. A.R. Bagdasarova, I.I. Korshikov, S.N. Privalikhin, L.O. Kalafat, Ya.V. Pirko. Genetic traits in Pinus pallasiana D. Don trees with differences in radial growth in the plantations of south- east of Ukraine . 5 2. T. Calalb, N. Ciorchina, A. Cutcovschi-Mustuc, L. Matveiciuc. Macroscopilcally and microscopically study of aswagandha plant Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. .11 3. C. Găucă, Diana Popa, Alexandra Buburuz, Cătălina Druţu, Simona Pochişcanu, Marieta Naie, G. Teliban . Study of the wild, spontaneous hemp forms and local populations regarding the content of the and their use in the breeding process of the monoecious hemp �������������������������17 4. I. Kharyton, I. Sopushynskyy. Xylem anisotropy of Picea abies Karst growing in the ukrainian carpathians . .23 5. Mariana Lozinschii, Nina Ciorchină, Mariana Trofim. Morphological and biological aspects on blackberry varieties acclimatization in ex vitro ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������27 6. Elisaveta Onica. Morpho-anatomical peculiarities of generative organs of intergeneric hybrids Cydonia x Malus . .31 II. Conservation of biological diversity 7. V. Ghendov, Nina Ciocarlan, Doina Danila. Bio-ecological peculiarities of Nepeta pannonica L. under in situ and ex situ conditions ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������35 8. Olga Ioniţa. Hypochoeris radicata L. (Asteraceae Dumort.) in the flora of Republic of Moldova. .40 9. T. Izverscaia. Synopsis on genus Astragalus L. (Fabaceae) species in Dniester-Prut river region. .43 10. Natalia Jardan. Bioecological characterisation of vascularflora of „Codrii” Reserve. .50 11. Şt. Manic. Contributions to the knowledge of macromycetes from Republic of Moldova (Macromucete mycorrhiza) . .54 12. G. Titica. Flora and vegetation grassland area semi-desert “Cîşliţa-Prut” �����������������������������������������64 13. Elena Tofan-Dorofeev. A new species of genus Rosa (Rosa turcica Rouy) in the flora of Republic of Moldova . .70 14. Elena Tofan-Dorofeev. Contributions to the study of Rubus L. (Rosaceae Juss) genus in the flora of Republic of Moldova . .73 15. Inna Voiniac. Total results of studying Chrysanthemum multiflora varieties in the Botanical Garden (Institute) of the Moldova Academy of Sciences. .76 III. Introduction of plants and sustainable use of plant resources 16. V. Ababii. Phenological aspects of Galega orientalis Lam. in the conditions of the Republic of Moldova. .81 4 JOURNAL OF BOTANY VOL. VII, NR. 2 (11), 2015 17. Nina Ciocarlan. Taxonomic diversity of medicinal plant collection from Botanical Garden (I) of ASM ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������85 18. Natalia Cîrlig. The dynamic development of the shoots of Polygonum sachalinense Fr. Schmidt at the beginning of the growing season . .91 19. Adelina Dodon, Galina Dicusar, Livia Bolohan. Goji berries general characteristics . .96 20. V. Ghendov. Notes on Allium paniculatum L. s. l. (Alliaceae Juss.) in the flora of Republic of Moldova. .101 21. L.P. Ishchuk. Salicaceae Mirbel family representatives’ invasion with mistletoe (Viscum album L.) . .106 22. Simona – Florina Pochişcanu, T. Robu, Cătălina Druţu, Diana Popa, Elena Trotuş. The influence of temperature on grains germination at Sorghum bicolor L. .112 23. Nina Roshca, G. Musteata, Natalia Baranova, Zinaida Vornicu, Tamara Jelezneac, C. Timciuc. To the morphological elements share of harvestin production essential oil at hyssop . .115 24. A. Teleuţă. Biological peculiarities and forage value of the some perennial species of the genus Lathyrus L. in Moldova . .119 25. V. Ţîței. Promising perennial plant species for bioenergy production in the Republic of Moldova . .127 IV. Landscape architecture 26. Olesea Cojocaru. The appearance of soil degradation in the reception basin “Negrea” . .132 JOURNAL OF BOTANY VOL. VII, NR. 2 (11), 2015 5 I. STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY OF PLANT ORGANISMS GENETIC TRAITS IN PINUS PALLASIANA D.DON TREES WITH DIFFERENCES IN RADIAL GROWTH IN THE PLANTATIONS OF SOUTH-EAST OF UKRAINE Bagdasarova A.R.1, Korshikov I.I.2, Privalikhin S.N.1,2, Kalafat L.O. 1, Pirko Ya.V.1 1. Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics NAS of Ukraine, Osipovskogo str.2A, 04123, Kyiv, Ukraine 2. Donetsk Botanical Garden of NAS of Ukraine, Pobedy str., 8, 85100, Konstantinovka, Ukraine Abstract. Using 15 isozyme loci, analysis of 220 trees of Pinus pallasiana D.Don with different radial growth rates (stem diameters) aged 9 to 40 years was performed. The deficit of heterozygous genotypes (5.7 – 32.1%) was found for all of the studied trees samples. The tendency of increasing the level of multilocus heterozygosity in groups of older age trees (40 years) and the larger stem diameter in comparison to smaller stem diameter trees was observed. This tendency was also observed in the analysis of individual loci (namely Got-1, Mdh-2, Mdh-3). Nei’s genetic distances coefficient (DN) between groups of trees with larger and smaller stem diameter was insignificant and ranged from 0.003 to 0.008. INTRODUCTION Productivity is the most valuable feature of the stand quality. Therefore, management of plantations is carried out to increase the intensity of growth of the most high grade trees (Koba, 2009). In pine stands tending felling is carried out in phases, starting from the age of young trees (20 years), when fast and slow-growing trees become evident in the stand, and ending at the age of 70-80-years (Koba, 2009). Slow- growing trees are usually to be eliminated in the events on clearing of stands. The role of the genetic component in the productivity of plantations and individual trees has not been fully elucidated yet (Novikov, Sheykina, 2012). The situation is more difficult with variability of many economically important quantitative traits, as it may have adaptive value (Ivanovskaya, 2012). According to some researchers, adaptive and neutral variability exists in the populations and both of its types should be considered in preserving genetic resources of species (Ledig, 1988; Geburek, Turok, 2005; Eriksson et al., 2006; Ivanovskaya, 2012). However, not knowing how to organize complex economic and important features and properties of the plants is almost impossible to create an adequate tool of genetic analysis (Kochergina, 2009). One set of approaches and methods for genetic analysis that exists today, does not always reflect the real situation. However, the link between molecular and phenotypic variation of several economically important quantitative traits is often complex (Szulkin et al., 2010; Chhatre et al., 2013; Koralewski et al., 2014). In population genetics of conifers, the isoenzymes are often used as molecular genetic markers up to the present time, despite the rapid development of DNA technology (Geburek, Turok, 2005; Politov, 2007; Korshikov, Privalikhin 2007; Korshikov et al. 2007; Radu 2014). They have established themselves as a convenient tool for early diagnosis of the quality of timber at the stage of seedlings, it is very important for forest species characterized by long periods of cultivation (Zhigunov, 2013). Therefore, the search for the relationship between the nature of variability of molecular genetic markers (isoenzymes) and the parameters of growth of the stem, as well as the quality of wood is one