•·2·2·2·1 European Union ·:·:· ······· »•••••••»i Regional policy '······ !·:·!· » ^ Α · ^ ·:· ········■ •••••••ι • · · 'Σ*·*·1 •s·:« ►S»S«* »••s·*- '¿••2·•52; « /////y /v/y^//y// ^Λν/ //Λκ^ίζ Regional development studies The EU compendium of spatial planning systems and policies - 7^ Belgium Denmark Germany Greece Spain ^V France Ireland Nttaly k Luxembourg The Netherlands Austria Portugal Finiand Sweden United Kingdom ν mmø -y Λ European Commission 28 A La. Λ.*\**.«***''»* ·".'*.'*·**.* ·* European Union Regional policy Regional development studies The EU compendium of spatial planning systems and policies Austria European Commission Already published in the series 'Regional development studies' 01 — Demographic evolution through time in European regions (Demeter 2015) 02 — Socioeconomic situation and development of the regions in the neighbouring countries of the Community in central and eastern Europe 03 — Les politiques régionales dans l'opinion publique 04 — Urbanisation and the functions of cities in the European Community 05 —The economic and social impact of reductions in defence spending and military forces on the regions of the Community 06 — New location factors for mobile investment in Europe — Final report 07 — Trade and foreign investment in the Community's regions: the impact of economic reform in central and eastern Europe 08 — Estudio prospectivo de las regiones atlánticas — Europa 2000 Study of prospects in the Atlantic regions — Europe 2000 Étude prospective des régions atlantiques — Europe 2000 Estudo prospectivo das regiões atlânticas — Europa 2000 09 — Financial engineering techniques in regions covered by Objectives 1, 2 and 5b of the Community regional policies 10 — Interregional and cross-border cooperation in Europe 11 — Estudio prospectivo de las regiones del Mediterràneo Oeste Évolution prospective des régions de la Méditerranée-Ouest Evoluzione delle prospettive delle regioni del Mediterraneo occidentale 12 —Valeur ajoutée et ingénierie du développement local 13 —The Nordic countries — What impact on planning and development in the Union? 14 — Development prospects of the central Mediterranean regions (Mezzogiorno-Greece) 15 —The spatial consequences of the integration of the new German Länder into the Community 16 — The impact of the development of the countries of central and eastern Europe on the Community territory 17 — Étude prospective des régions de l'arc alpin et périalpin Studio delle prospettive delle regioni dell'arco alpino e perialpino 18 — The prospective development of the northern seaboard 19 — L'impact sur le développement régional et l'aménagement de l'espace communautaire des pays du sud et de l'est méditerranéen (PSEM) 20 — Evolución prospectiva de las regiones interiores (y de los espacios rurales de baja densidad de población en la Comunidad) Évolution prospective des régions intérieures (et des espaces ruraux de faible densité de population de la Communauté) 21 —The regional impact of the Channel Tunnel throughout the Community 22 — Prospects for the development of the central and capital cities and regions 23 — La notoriété des politiques régionales en Europe 24 — Cohesion and the development challenge facing the lagging regions 25 — In den Regionen für die Regionen Europas — Über die Aneignung eines neuen gewerkschaftlichen Arbeitsfeldes At regional level on behalf of Europe's regions — Developing a new field of trade union activity Agir dans les régions pour l'Europe des régions — Un nouveau champ d'activités syndicales 26 —The impact of structural policies on economic and social cohesion in the Union 1989-1999 Die Auswirkungen der Strukturpolitik auf die wirtschaftliche und soziale Kohäsion in der Union 1989-1999 L'impact des politiques structurelles sur la cohésion économique et sociale de l'Union — 1989-1999 27 — Community involvement in urban regeneration: added value and changing values 28 —The EU compendium of spatial planning systems and policies 29 — Economic and social cohesion in the European Union: the impact of Member States' own policies A great deal of additional information on the European Union is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the Europa server (http://europa.eu.int) and the Inforegio website (http://inforegio.cec.eu.int). Cataloguing data can be found at the end of this publication. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2000 ISBN 92-828-2686-4 © European Communities, 2000 Reproduction is authorised provided the source Is acknowledged. Cover photos: Parliament, Vienna — Hallstatt village, Dachstein Mountains, Austria Printed in Italy Preface Each year, the Directorate-General for Regional Policy of the European Commission launches a number of studies in the field of regional policy and regional planning. These studies mainly aim at providing a basis for policy formulation internally, as well as the preparation of pro­ grammes and initiatives and a basis for analysing the impact of current or planned activities. The most interesting or innovative of these are published in a series entitled 'Regional devel­ opment studies'. With this series, the Directorate-General hopes to stimulate discussion and action in a wider sphere on the research results received. The publication of the studies is addressed to politi­ cians and decision-makers at European, regional and local level, as well as to academics and experts in the broad fields of issues covered. It is hoped that by publicising research results the Commission will enrich and stimulate public debate and promote a further exchange of knowledge and opinions on the issues which are considered important for the economic and social cohesion of the Union and therefore for the future of Europe. Readers should bear in mind that the study reports do not necessarily reflect the official position of the Commission but first and foremost express the opinions of those responsible for carrying out the study. Preface Contents COMPENDIUM'S OBJECTIVES 11 A. OVERVIEW OF PLANNING SYSTEMS 15 Summary 15 Context and principles 18 Constitution, legislation and judicial system 18 Development process and market circumstances 20 Economic development 21 Environmental policy 22 European Union 23 Flexibility 23 Government structure and powers 24 Land policy and land quality/building quality 26 Plan led/development led 28 Political priorities 28 Political system, administrative system and public participation 30 Administrative system/technical system 31 Population and statistics 32 Sectoral policy 32 Trends 33 Central power/local power 33 Flexibility/certainty 34 Government structure 34 Policy 34 B. MAKING AND REVIEWING PLANS AND POLICIES 35 Summary 35 Policy institutions 37 Federal government (national government) 37 State government 41 Local government (municipality) 43 Other organisations 43 Policy instruments 44 Federal (national) level 44 State level 47 Local level 56 Development rights 62 C. REGULATIONS AND PERMITS 65 Summary 65 Contents Main permit 66 Application for the permit 68 Processing a permit 68 Conditions relating to the permit 70 Rights of appeal 71 Other permits 71 Exceptions 73 Departure from plan/changes to plan 74 Enforcement procedures 74 Area of regulation 74 Unauthorised use and development 74 Regulation and development illustrations 74 Commercial development proposal: shopping centre in St Polten, Lower Austria 74 Housing development proposal: town house complex in Wels, Upper Austria 77 Industrial development proposal: technology centre in Wiener Neustadt, Lower Austria 78 Major Infrastructure proposal: Kreuzberg-Mauth power station, Salzburg (Land) 79 D. AGENCIES AND MECHANISMS FOR DEVELOPMENT AND CONSERVATION 85 Summary 85 Development 87 Regional economic development 87 Local economic development 93 Urban regeneration 94 Public sector development policies 95 Major infrastructure 96 Partnerships 97 Tourism development 97 Rural development 98 Special agencies 98 Protection of the environment/conservation 99 Countryside conservation 99 Environmental conservation 99 Alpine planning 100 Urban conservation 100 Preservation and conservation of historic buildings 101 Resource planning 101 E. OVERVIEW OF SPATIAL PLANNING IN PRACTICE 103 National level 104 Land level 105 Regional level 105 Municipality level 106 F. POLICIES AND ISSUES 109 Agriculture 109 Commercial development 110 Economic development 111 Environmental management 113 Heritage 114 Housing 115 Industrial development 116 Leisure and tourism 117 Natural resources 119 Transport 119 Waste management and pollution 120 APPENDICES Appendix I. Glossary 123 Appendix II. Acronyms and abbreviations 139 Appendix III. Addresses 143 Appendix IV. Sources 147 The EU compendium of spatial planning systems and policies — Austria List of Tables Table A1 Population, area, number of districts and municipalities in the Länder (States), 1991 32 Table A2 Size of districts and municipalities by population in the Länder (States), 1991 33 Table B3 The Austrian system of spatial planning 36 Table B4 Planning instruments of the Länder (States) 48 Table B5 Landesraumordnungsprogramme (State development plans) 49 Table B6 Regionale Raumordnungsprogramme (regional development plans) of the Länder (States) (valid at present) ; 51 Table B7 State-wide sectoral planning 53 Table B8 Measures with territorial reference and with spatial impact at the State level 55 Table B9 Minimum content of Räumliche Entwicklungskonzepte (local development schemes) 57 Table B10 Zoning categories for building land in the Länder (States) (excluding