AEROSPACE REPORT NO. ATR-72f7231) J. VOL. V -jT 'fS / eCE2C-e- Integrated Operations / Payloads / Fleet Analysis Final Report Volume V: Mission, Capture and Operations Analysis Prepared by ADVANCED VEHICLE SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE -.. Systems Planning Division . August 1971 , ,, z _, Prepared for OFFICE OF MANNED SPACE FLIGHT NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Washington, D. C. Contract No. NASW-2129 Systems Engineering Operati I-PAt-EFR P ATION (NASA-CR- 124722) IN TG RATED N72- 15739/ OPERATIONS/PAYLOADS/FLEET ANALYSIS. VCIUME 5: MISSION, CAPTURE ANr OEERATIONS ANALYSIS Final Report (AerosFace Corp.) Unclas Auq. 1971 178 p CSCL 22A G3/30 10302 G(ACCESSIOJU7R) HRUJ (PRT A D (CATEGORDE) Reproduced by NATIONAL TECHNICAL ~ (NASA R RTM OR AD UMBER) (CATEGORY) INFORMATION SERVICE Springfield, Va. 22151 ~j Aerospace Report No. ATR-72(723 1)-1 Volume V INTEGRATED OPERATIONS/PAYLOADS/FLEET ANALYSIS FINAL REPORT Volume V: Mission, Capture and Operations Analysis Prepared by Advanced Vehicle Systems Directorate Systems Planning Division August 1971 Systems Engineering Operations THE AEROSPACE CORPORATION E1 Segundo, California Prepared for OFFICE OF MANNED SPACE FLIGHT NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION Washington, D. C. Contract No. NASW-2129 9PqTO PAft BLANK NOT FILMED Report No. ATR-72(7231)-1 Vol. V INTEGRATED OPERATIONS/PAYLOADS/FLEET ANALYSIS FINAL REPORT Volume V: Mission, Capture, and Operations Analysis Prepared by Advanced Vehicle Systems Directorate Approved E. I. Pritchard, Study Director L. R. Sitney, As #ciate Group Director Study A Office Advanced Vehi Systems Directorate Advanced Vehicle Systems Directorate Systems Plann g Division S-. M. Tenna., Assistant Gene al Manager Systems Planning Division Systems Engineering Operations iii R-3R]WING PAGE BLANK NOT FILMED FOREWORD This is part of a six-volume Aerospace Corporation Final Report on Study A of NASA Contract NASW-2129, Integrated Operations/ Payloads/Fleet Analysis. The report comprises the following volume s: Volume I: Summary Volume II: Payloads Volume III: System Costs Volume IV: Launch Systems t/ Volume V: Mission, Capture and Operations Analysis Volume VI: Classified Addendum v PRECEDMSG PAGE BLANK NOT FILMED CONTENTS FOREWORD .................... v 1. INTRODUCTION ......................... 1-1 2. MISSION MODELING .2-1 2. 1 Missions and Mission Characteristics .......... 2-1 2.1. 1 Mission Model Changes ............. 2-2 2. 1.2 NASA and DoD - Baseline ............ 2-4 2. 1. 3 Other Mission Models ............... 2-5 2.2 Additional Benefits of the Space Transportation System .. 2-6 2.2. 1 NASA Additional Benefits ............. 2-8 REFERENCES . ........ 2-9 3. CAPTURE ANALYSIS ........................ 3-1 3. 1 Assumptions and Description ................ 3-2 3. 1. 1 Assumptions, Ground Rules and Methodology. 3-2 3. 1.2 Description .................... 3-3 3.2 Traffic Models. ....................... 3-8 3.2. 1 Current Launch Vehicle Fleet (Case A) . 3-9 3. 2. 2 New Low Cost Expendable Launch Vehicle Fleet (Case B) . 3-9 3. 2. 3 Reusable Space Shuttle System . 3-11 3. 2. 3. 1 "Best Mix" Payloads on STS - Case C. 3-13 3. 2. 3. 2 Current Design Payloads on STS - Case C-1 . 3-13 3.2. 3.3 "Best Mix" 1985 Tug - STS - Case C-2 3-14 3.2. 3.4 Additional "Benefits" - Case K . 3-15 3. 3 System Reliability Effects. ................. 3-16 3. 3. 1 Expendable Launch Vehicle Reliability . 3-18 3. 3. 2 Space Transportation System Reliability . 3-19 3.3. 3 Payload Reliability. 3-20 3. 3.4 Backup Payloads . 3-21 3. 3. 5 System Summary, Reliability Effects. 3-21 vii CONTENTS (Continued) 4. OPERATIONS ANALYSIS AND PLANNING ............. 4-1 4. 1 Operations Analysis ..................... 4-1 4.1. 1 Support Operations. ..... 4-1 4. 1.2 Space Shuttle Operations -- Fleet Size ...... 4-2 4. 1. 2. 1 Traffic Capability Buildup ....... 4-2 4. 1.2.2 Fleet Size Requirements ........ 4-5 4. 2 Limitations and Abort Modes ................ 4-9 4.2. 1 Range Safety .................... 4-9 4. 2. 2 Current Launch Azimuth Constraints for the Current and Low Cost Fleets ........... 4-11 4. 2. 3 Launch Constraints for STS Vehicles ....... 4-14 4. 2.4 Comments on Range Safety Problems Associated with Attaining 55 Degree Orbits from ETR . 4-15 4. 3 System Support Requirements. 4-17 4. 3. 1 Ground Support -- Facilities . 4-17 4. 3. 1. 1 Current Expendable Vehicle Facilities. 4-17 4. 3. 1.2 Low Cost Expendable Vehicle Fa cilitie s. 4-18 4.3. 1. 3 Space Shuttle Facilities. ........ 4-18 REFERENCES . 4-20 viii TABLES 2-1 Mission Model Summary. 2-10 ....... 2-2 Basic NASA Mission Model Changes ........ ......... 2-11 2-3 Intermediate Orbits (NASA Model) ......... ........ 2-12 2-4 Proposed Changes in DoD Mission Model, 1979-199 0. ........ 2-13 2-5 Major Changes in DoD Current Expendable Mission Mc)del . 2-14 2-6 Notes . ... 2-15 ..... 2-7 DoD Mission Model. 2-16 ...... 2-8 DoD Option B Payload Traffic. ............. ... 2-17 ..... 2-9 DoD Communication Payloads Comments. ....... 2-18 ...... 2-10 DoD Surveillance Payloads Comments ......... ... 2-19 ..... 2-11 DoD Meteorological Payloads Comments. ....... 2-20 ..... 2-12 Nomenclature . 2-21.. ....... 2-13 NASA Physics and Astronomy Payloads ........ 2-22 ...... 2-14 Physics and Astronomy Payload Traffic ........ 2-23 ...... 2-15 Physics and Astronomy Comments ........... 2-24 ...... 2-16 NASA Earth Observatory, Communication, Systems Demonstration Payloads ................ 2-25 ...... 2-17 NASA Payload Traffic - Earth Observatory, Communications, System Demonstration . ........................... 2-26 2-18 Earth Observatory Communication, Systems Demonstration Comments ............... .............. 2-27 2-19 NASA Model, Non-NASA and Planetary Payloads ........ 2-28 2-20 Non-NASA and Planetary Payload Traffic ........ 2-29 2-21 Non-NASA and Planetary Comments . ...... .. 2-30 2-22 NASA RAM Sortie .......................... 2-31 2-23 RAM Sortie Traffic ............ 2-32 2-24 Space Station and Laboratories ............... 2-33 2-25 NASA Space Station and Labs Traffic. .......... 2-34 2-26 Synchronous Equatorial Missions, Payload Traffic .2-35 2-27 Polar Orbits Payload Traffic ....... 2-36 2-28 Sun Synchronous and Near Polar Payload Traffic .... 2-37 These tables contained in Volume VI, Classified Addendum ix TABLES (Continued) 2-29 Low Altitude East Payload Traffic ................. 2-38 2-30 Space Station and Laboratories Expendable Booster ........ 2-39 2-31 Expendable Booster and Space Station Launch Schedule ...... 2-40 2-32 IOC Dates .............................. 2-41 2-33 Sortie Mission Module Characteristics ............... 2-42 2-34 Sortie Mission Flights ........................ 2-43 3-1 Nomenclature, Capture Analysis Costing .............. 3-25 3-2 Equations, Capture Analysis Costing ................ 3-26 3-3 Low Cost Payload Unit Cost Factors ($ Low Cost Satellite/ $ Baseline Satellite) ......................... 3-27 3-4 Capture Analysis Input Sheet ................... 3-28 3-5 Payload Model Change and MMD Summary - NASA ........ 3-29 3-6 Payload Model Change and MMD Summary - DoD ......... 3-32 * 3-7 Current Expendable Payload Traffic Model - Case A ....... 3-33 3-8 Current Expendable Payload Traffic Model Case A - DoD ..... 3-36 * 3-9 Current Expendable Payload, Launch Vehicle Assignment Case A - NASA .......................... 3-37 3-10 Current Expendable Payload, Launch Vehicle Assignment Case A - DoD ....................... 3-38 * 3-11 Booster Launch Rate, Current Expendable Launch Vehicles Baseline Mission Model - Case A ................ 3-39 3-12 Low Cost Expendable Launch Vehicle Assignment - Case B . 3-40 3-13 Low Cost Expendable Launch Vehicle Assignment - Case B (DoD)3-41 3-14 Low Cost Launch Vehicle - Expendable Payload Traffic Model "Best Mix" - Case B .................. 3-42 3-15 Low Cost Launch Vehicle - Expendable Payload Traffic Model "Best Mix" - Case B (DoD) .............. 3-44 * 3-16 Low Cost Expendable Launch Vehicle Traffic "Best Mix" - Case B 3-45 3-17 Payload Traffic for STS "Best Mix" - 1979 Tug - Case C . 3-46 3-18 Payload Traffic for STS "Best Mix" - 1979 Tug - Case C (DoD) 3-52 * 3-19 Space Shuttle System Traffic Summary, Case C .......... 3-53 These tables contained in Volume VI, Classified Addendum x TABLES (Continued) 3-20 STS Traffic Summary, Expendable Launch Vehicle - Case C . .. 3-54 3-21 Traffic Summary, Model C-1 . .......... .........3-55 3-22 STS Traffic Summary, Expendable Launch Vehicle, Case C-1 .. 3-56 3-23 Payload Schedule, Case C-1, Current Reusable Payloads on STS. 3-57 3-24 Payload Schedule, Model C-1 - Current Reusable Payloads on STS (DoD) ............................ 3-65 , 3-25 Payload Traffic for STS "Best Mix" - 1985 Tug - Case C-2 .... 3-66 3-26 Payload Traffic for STS "Best Mix" - 1985 Tug - Case C-2 (DoD) 3-72 3-27 Space Shuttle System Traffic Summary, Case C-2 ......... 3-73 3-28 1985 Tug STS Traffic Summary - Expendable Launch Vehicle, Case C-2 . 3-74 3-29 Payload Traffic for STS "Best Mix" - 1979 Tug With Sorties, Case K ..................... 3-75 3-30 Payload Traffic for STS "Best Mix" - 1979 Tug With Sorties, Case K (DoD) . ....................... 3-81 3-31 Space Shuttle System Traffic Summary, Case K .......... 3-82 3-32 STS Traffic Summary, Expendable Launch Vehicle, Case K ... 3-83 3-33 System Reliability Effects Summary ................ 3-84 4-1 Traffic Buildup and Inventory Requirements (Space Shuttle). .... 4-21 4-2 Minimum Space Shuttle Vehicle Fleet ............. 4-22 4-3 Launch Azimuth Sector, Current Expendable Fleet ........ 4-23 4-4 Launch Azimuth Sector, Low Cost Fleet .............. 4-24 4-5 Current Expendable Fleet, Baseline Mission Model ........ 4-25 4-6 Additional Launch Facility Costs, Current Expendable Fleet . .. 4-26 4-7 Low Cost Expendable Launch Vehicle Traffic, "Best Mix", Case B 4-27 4-8 Low Cost Expendable Vehicles Launch Facility Assignments - Costs ............. ..... ... 4-28 These tables contained in Volume VI, Classified Addendum xi FIGURES 2-1 Manned Experiment ......................... 2-44 3-1 Data Flow - Launch Vehicle - Payload Capture Analysis ..... 3-85 4-1 Initial Turnaround Requirements (3-Shirt, 7-Day Work Week) .. 4-29 4-2 Flight Rate/Total Flights Buildup (Per Single Shuttle Vehicle Set).