Solutions Mixtures Mixture – a substance made by mixing two or more substances together Heterogeneous mixture – not uniform appearance and composition throughout You can see and separate the different components of the mixture Cheerios in milk Salad Homogeneous mixture – uniform appearance and composition throughout Looks the same Salt in water Kool-aid Solution A solution is a homogeneous mixture It looks the same throughout! An aqueous solution is water that contains dissolved substances Solvents & Solutes Solvent – the dissolving medium. This is doing the dissolving! Usually in greater quantity. Solute – the dissolved particles. They are being dissolved! Usually in smaller quantity. Solvents & Solutes A solvent dissolves the solute. The solute becomes dispersed in the solvent. Solvation Solvation - Individual solute ions break away from the solid and become surrounded by solvent molecules. Also called dissociation for ionic compounds Solvation Solvents & Solutes Solvents and solutes may be solids, liquids or gases! Sugar in water: Solid in liquid Carbonated water: Gas in liquid Steel: Solid in solid Solvents & Solutes If you have hard water, what is the solvent? The solute? Hard water is water that has dissolved ions of heavy metals such as lead, iron and copper within it. The water is the solvent. The ions (metals) are the solute. If you have an aqueous solution of magnesium chloride (MgCl2 (aq) ). What is the solvent? The solute? The water is the solvent. Magnesium chloride is the solute. Universal Solvent Water is known as the UNIVERSAL SOLVENT because it can dissolve more substances than any other liquid! Soluble & Insoluble Soluble – solute that can be dissolved in a solvent Salt in water Insoluble – solute that cannot be dissolved in a solvent Aspirin in water Miscible & Immiscible Miscible – Two liquids that do mix together Water and alcohol Immiscible – Two liquids that do not mix with each other Water and oil Polar & Nonpolar Like dissolves like!! Polar solvents dissolve polar solutes Nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes Electrolytes and Nonelectrolytes Electrolyte - compound that conducts electricity when in an aqueous solution All ionic compounds are electrolytes because they dissociate into ions. Strong electrolyte - all the dissolved solute exists as ions. Conducts electricity strongly The ions dissociate! Weak electrolyte - some of the solute exists as ions. Conducts electricity poorly Nonelectrolyte – compound that does not conduct electricity in either aqueous solution or the molten state..